The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring the vertical deformation of a hydraulic construction. The device comprises a bottom-through shaft and an inner carrying tube positioned inside the bottom-through shaft, wherein a displacement
station is arranged in the inner carrying tube; drive motors are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the displacement
station, and are connected with a conical
drill by virtue of a five-stage
piston;
piston shells on two sides are respectively connected with lifting devices which are used for promoting motion of the
piston shells; correcting devices which are used for correcting level of the displacement
station are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the displacement station; the middle part of the displacement station is connected with one end of a group of symmetrically arranged springs, and the other end of each spring is hinged with a vertical measuring tape; an
optical fiber hanging drum is arranged between two springs, and is filled with a corrugated loop
optical fiber; and an
optical fiber buckle is arranged on the corrugated loop optical
fiber. The device has the advantages of use
repeatability, convenience in
assembly, real-time detection and maintenance and the like, and has the characteristics of distribution type, micro-
macro structure, real-time performance, high adaptability to complex environment and the like.