The invention provides an optical fiber backlight module and a liquid crystal display. The optical fiber backlight module comprises a back board, a red LED (light emitting diode) light source, a green LED light source, a blue LED light source, multiple groups of optical fibers and prism lenses, wherein the red LED light source, the green LED light source and the blue LED light source are arranged on the side edge of the back board and are successively arranged; the optical fibers are arranged on the back board; the prism lenses are arranged on the optical fibers; the back board is provided with a plurality of grooves which are formed in parallel and are distributed at equal distances; the optical fibers are respectively fixedly arranged in the grooves; each group of optical fibers comprises a red light guide optical fiber, a green light guide optical fiber and a blue light guide optical fiber; the red light guide optical fibers, the green light guide optical fibers and the blue light guide optical fibers are respectively connected with the red LED light source, the green LED light source and the blue LED light source via couplers, and an area light source of three-primary colors (red, green and blue) can be provided for a liquid crystal panel, so that the liquid crystal panel can realize color display without a colorful color filter, a light penetration rate can be improved, and the color saturability of the liquid crystal display is improved.