The invention discloses a gear shaft torque monitoring device and a gear shaft of a lifting system, comprising a torque transmission tube, a strain measurement tube, a measuring fiber grating, a transmission optical fiber, a rotary connector, a demodulator and a terminal, and two adjacent torque transmission tubes A strain measuring tube is connected between them, and the measuring fiber grating is attached to the outer wall of the strain measuring tube. The strain measuring tube is provided with a connecting hole, one end of the transmission fiber is connected to the measuring fiber grating through the connecting hole, and the other end passes through the torque transmission. The tube is also connected with the rotary connector, the rotary connector is connected with the data of the demodulator, and the demodulator is connected with the terminal data; the outer diameter of the torque transmission tube is greater than the outer diameter of the strain measuring tube. This solution can accurately detect the torque of the climbing gear shaft in real time, so that it can effectively reflect whether the load on each transmission device is balanced, and the overload caused by deformation or other reasons of individual lifting systems can be detected in time to avoid accidents.