The invention discloses a cylinder liner and piston ring friction wear test device. The cylinder liner and piston ring friction wear test device comprises a piston rod, a cylinder liner, a cylinder block clamping mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a crankshaft, a piston ring, a plug ring clamping mechanism, a guiding seat and an internal radial adjustment mechanism, the piston rod extends into the cylinder liner, the internal radial adjustment mechanism is fixed to the piston rod, the plug ring clamping mechanism is arranged on the internal radial adjustment mechanism, the piston ring is mountedon the plug ring clamping mechanism, and the piston ring is in contact with the inner wall face of the cylinder liner; and the cylinder liner is fixed to the cylinder block clamping mechanism, the cylinder block clamping mechanism is connected with the lifting mechanism, the end, extending out of an opening of the cylinder liner, of the piston rod penetrates into the guiding seat, and the crankshaft is in contact with the end, penetrating into the guiding seat, of the piston rod. A cylinder liner and piston ring friction wear test can be conducted on different series of step cylinder liners and different specifications of piston rings.