The invention discloses a data encryption and decryption method and device, computing equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: receiving a data encryption storage request and / or a data encryption transmission request, submitted by a first user, for to-be-processed original data; in response to the request, randomly generating a data key, and encrypting the original databy using the data key to obtain first encrypted data; querying a target public key of a second user, and encrypting the data key by using the target public key to obtain a key ciphertext correspondingto the second user; and combining the key ciphertext with the first encrypted data to generate second encrypted data, and storing the second encrypted data and / or transmitting the second encrypted data to a second user. According to the scheme, data storage and / or data transmission can be conveniently completed in an encryption mode, the second user can also conveniently decrypt the encrypted data, and the plaintext of the data key is not stored and / or transmitted, so that the data security is effectively improved.