The invention discloses an orthotropic steel plate-fiber grating reinforced concrete combined deck structure. The deck structure comprises an orthotropic steel plate, fiber gratings, concrete and a wearing layer. The fiber gratings, the concrete and the wearing layer are arranged on the upper side of the orthotropic steel plate successively. The fiber grating is connected with the orthotropic steel plate on the lower side of the fiber grating through a high-performance epoxy resin adhesive, and shear keys are arranged on the periphery of the orthotropic steel plate as required so as to increase the bonding strength. The deck structure has the advantages of being high in interlayer shear resistant capacity, anti-stripping, water-proof, high in rigidity and strength, and good in toughness, is provided with stable high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance, is capable of effectively preventing interlayer cracking, reducing the fatigue cracking risk of the orthotropic steel plate and pavement layers and improving plus or minus bending moment resistance of the steel plate, and is applicable to building and repairing of various steel deck structures.