The invention discloses a high-pressure bursting test system for pressure vessels. The high-pressure bursting test system comprises a high-pressure bursting sample vessel, a high-pressure power source module, a vessel installing and sealing protection device module, a pressure relief device module, and a pressure / flow signal measuring and displaying module, wherein the high-pressure power source module is hermetically connected with the high-pressure bursting sample vessel by the vessel installing and sealing protection device module, the pressure / flow signal measuring and displaying module is arranged on an airflow path / liquid flow path of the high-pressure power source module, and the pressure relief device module is connected between the high-pressure power source module and the high-pressure bursting sample vessel. By using the high-pressure bursting test system for pressure vessels disclosed by the invention, a pressure-liquid feed amount change curve can be measured and recorded in real time, and through analysis on the curve, the volume expansibility, yield pressure, ultimate load, bursting pressure and safety margin of the vessel can be obtained; and the high-pressure bursting test system is high in measurement accuracy and comprehensive in data and can provide more useful information for scientific researches.