The invention provides a fluoroplastic electric wire and cable surface lettering method. The method comprises the following steps of: preheating a fluoroplastic electric wire in an electrical heating preheater, lettering on a high-temperature printing ink lettering wheel, heating the lettered electric wire in an electric heater, cooling the electric wire and the like. The invention also provides a corresponding lettering device which comprises a paying-out mechanism, the electric preheater, a high-temperature printing ink roll wheel lettering machine, the electric heater, a cooling mechanism and a cable coiling mechanism through which the electric wire successively passes. The method has the beneficial effects that the fluoroplastic surface of the electric wire is preheated to a required temperature firstly, then lettering is carried out on the fluoroplastic surface of the electric wire by use of high temperature printing ink, then the lettered fluoroplastic surface of the electric wire is heated to the required temperature so as to be firmly adhered to the fluoroplastic surface of the electric wire and cable, and subsequently, and cooling is performed, so that the lettering is firm and clear, the price is economic and cheap. Thus, the method and device provided by the invention are suitable for national conditions of China.