The invention discloses an underwater wireless acousto-optic communication device and method. The underwater wireless acousto-optic communication device comprises a water depth and posture measurement module, an acoustic communication module, a main control panel, a theodolite, a pulse blue-green laser, a laser emission telescope, a receiving telescope, a photoelectric detection and signal conditioning module and a high-speed data acquisition module. The underwater wireless acousto-optic communication device comprehensively utilizes the characteristics of an acoustic signal which is low in rate, but large in sidelobe and long in transmission distance and the characteristics of an optic signal which is high in communication rate, good in directivity and longer in transmission distance, realizes underwater high-speed information transmission in a longer distance, and has the characteristics of small size, light weight, high integration level, good reliability and high performance-cost ratio.