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Systems and methods for pitch smoothing for text-to-speech synthesis

TTS synthesis systems are provided which implement computationally fast and efficient pitch contour smoothing methods for determining smooth pitch contours for non-smooth pitch contours, which closely track the non-smooth pitch contours. For example, a TTS method includes generating a sequence of phonetic units representative of a target utterance, determining a pitch contour for the target utterance, the pitch contour comprising a plurality of linear pitch contour segments, wherein each linear pitch contour segment has start and end times at anchor points of the pitch contour, filtering the pitch contour to determine pitch values of a smooth pitch contour at the anchor points, and determining the smooth pitch contour between adjacent anchor points by linearly interpolating between the pitch values of the smooth pitch contour at the anchor points.
Owner:IBM CORP

Metal stent with surface layer of noble metal oxide and method of fabrication

In a process for producing a biocompatible stent, a tubular substrate of the stent adapted for diametric expansion has a layer of a noble metal oxide formed over at least the outer surface of greater diameter of the substrate, the substrate being composed of a metal or an alloy thereof that is non-noble or less-noble than the layer's noble metal. An interface region adapted to prevent corrosion and to provide a firm bond between the surface of the substrate and the noble metal oxide layer is established, at least in part, by forming the noble metal oxide layer with a progressively varying concentration of noble metal-to-oxide with depth of the layer such that a surface of pure noble metal and negligible oxide of the layer is in closest proximity to the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment of the process, the interface region is established by forming the surface of pure noble metal and negligible oxide thereof in direct contact with the metal or alloy of the substrate surface. In another, the interface region is established by first creating an oxide of the substrate metal or alloy thereof at the substrate surface, and then forming the noble metal oxide layer as above, but in contact with the substrate metal or alloy oxide. Alternatively, the noble metal oxide layer has no progressively varying concentration but simply overlies an oxide of the substrate metal or alloy.
Owner:BOSTON SCI SCIMED INC
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