The invention discloses a reciprocating rack linear driving oil pumping unit, which comprises a rack, a walking beam, driving and transmission parts, a unit body part, an air balanced part, an
energy storage part and a control part, wherein the rotation of a motor controlled by a controller around a vertical shaft is changed into the rotation of gears around a horizontal shaft by direction changing of a
gear transmission box; the gears drive racks in the unit body of the oil pumping unit to perform up-and-down reciprocating
linear motion so as to drive a polish rod for oil pumping; and the controller analyzes the operating situation of the oil pumping unit according to a
data signal which is measured by a sensor, automatically optimizes and adjusts the
stroke and
stroke frequency of the oil pumping unit, and can transmit the
signal to a production management department for manual remote monitoring control. By adoption of technologies of reciprocating
induction motor driving, rack linear driving, real-time monitoring and adjustment, air balance and
capacitor energy storage, the reciprocating rack linear driving oil pumping unit is smooth in operation, low in current fluctuation and low in reactive electric quantity loss of the motor, has the advantages of simple mechanism, compact structure, simple and convenient installation, high control, low occupation, light weight, low cost,
energy conservation, environmental friendliness and the like, and can be widely applied to low-yield and low-efficiency wells, thickened oil wells and production wells in edge areas.