The invention discloses a debugging device and a method based on a chirped management laser; the method comprises the following steps: modulation signals produced by an optical domain are converted into electric-domain signals for modulating the laser; the received command signals are converted into simulating control signals for controlling the working state of the laser, and bias current of the laser, tube core temperature and radio-frequency voltage of AC coupling are set according to the simulating control signals; by comparison, if extinction ratio is not in the required range or is not in accordance with the presetting standard of an eye pattern, the temperature of a spectrum shaping element is adjusted. Compared with the prior art by repeatedly debugging according to the loss of the filter, the steps of the method is less, the debugging procedure is obviously simplified, thus improving the debugging efficiency; the debugging device only adopts a radio-frequency voltage amplitude control unit, a temperature control, a bias current control unit and a laser tube core temperature control unit for carrying out debugging, thus simplifying debugging procedure and improving the debugging efficiency.