The invention discloses airport airship based novel typhoon tracking and detecting method and system, and belongs to the field of the monitoring and early warning of natural disasters in airport information systems. The typhoon tracking and detecting system provided by the invention comprises a typhoon tracking flight controller, an on-board typhoon detecting radar, an airborne weather perceptionnode, a weather perception fixed-point deliverer, an on-board receiver and a high-resolution digital typhoon simulation system, wherein the typhoon tracking flight controller, the on-board typhoon detecting radar, the airborne weather perception node, the weather perception fixed-point deliverer and the on-board receiver are carried on an airship; and the high-resolution digital typhoon simulationsystem is mounted on a ground working station, According to the method provided by the invention, the position of a typhoon is tracked by utilizing the airship; the perception node is thrown as required into the interior of the typhoon above the typhoon; internally measured data are collected through a sensor, and are transmitted back to a ground station via the airship; the assimilative simulation is carried out on the typhoon; and the prediction and the disaster reduction are realized. The system is not constrained by a foundation; the airship can trace and monitor the overall process of the generation, development and disappearance of the typhoon overhead a sea; and compared with existing foundation and space-based detecting methods, the method has the advantages of long-time space staying, wide-area coverage, continuous tracking and real-time data back transmission.