41 results about "Solution chemistry" patented technology

The present invention relates to a process for forming a near-planar or planar layer of a conducting material, such as copper, on a surface of a workpiece using an ECMPR technique. The process preferably uses at least two separate plating solution chemistries to form a near-planar or planar copper layer on a semiconductor substrate that has features or cavities on its surface.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for economic treatment of Geldhart class C or larger substrate powders of single or plural metal, ceramic, or polymeric materials. In particular, the present invention is directed to coating such powder via a fluidized CVD or PVD, electroless, electrochemical, or solution chemistry plating process, and provides processes and apparatus for accomplishing same. It is particularly suited to coating with single or plural layers of metal, ceramic, binder, sintering aid, or polymer onto such materials without agglomeration. The coated particles and products made therefrom exhibit novel physical properties that are not limited by classical chemical and thermodynamic constraints.

According to the present invention, the previously known functional material having a self-assembled monolayer on a substrate has a plurality of assembly molecules each with an assembly atom with a plurality of bonding sites (four sites when silicon is the assembly molecule) wherein a bonding fraction (or fraction) of fully bonded assembly atoms (the plurality of bonding sites bonded to an oxygen atom) has a maximum when made by liquid solution deposition, for example a maximum of 40% when silicon is the assembly molecule, and maximum surface density of assembly molecules was 5 silanes per square nanometer. Note that bonding fraction and surface population are independent parameters. The method of the present invention is an improvement to the known method for making a siloxane layer on a substrate, wherein instead of a liquid phase solution chemistry, the improvement is a supercritical phase chemistry. The present invention has the advantages of greater fraction of oxygen bonds, greater surface density of assembly molecules and reduced time for reaction of about 5 minutes to about 24 hours.

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods of forming coated substrates for use in catalytic converters, as well as washcoat compositions and methods suitable for using in preparation of the coated substrates, and the coated substrates formed thereby, which in some cases use iron-exchanged zeolite particles that provide enhanced performance such as lower light-off temperatures and lower pollutant levels in exhaust gases. The catalytic material is prepared by a plasma-based method, yielding catalytic material with a lower tendency to migrate on support at high temperatures, and thus less prone to catalyst aging after prolonged use. Also disclosed are catalytic converters using the coated substrates, which have favorable properties as compared to catalytic converters using catalysts deposited on substrates using solution chemistry. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for economic treatment of Geldhart class C or larger substrate powders of single or plural metal, ceramic, or polymeric materials. In particular, the present invention is directed to coating such powder via a fluidized CVD or PVD, electroless, electrochemical, or solution chemistry plating process, and provides processes and apparatus for accomplishing same. It is particularly suited to coating with single or plural layers of metal, ceramic, binder, sintering aid, or polymer onto such materials without agglomeration. The coated particles and products made therefrom exhibit novel physical properties that are not limited by classical chemical and thermodynamic constraints.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a sodium manganese oxide, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a layered birnessite type sodium manganese oxide. The preparation method is as follows: reacting a two valent manganese salt with sodium hydroxide in an aqueous phase to obtain a Mn (OH)2 precipitate and / or MnOOH precipitate-containing suspension, then performing solvent evaporation to obtain a MnOOH precipitate and / or Mn (OH) 2 precipitate-containing mixture; grinding the mixture, and sintering at 600-1200 DEG C to obtain a sintering product; then performing washing and solid-liquid separation for multiple times, and finally drying to obtain a final product. According to the preparation method, molecular level mixing of manganese hydroxide and a sodium salt can be realized by a solution chemical reaction method, promotion of next-step solid phase reaction is facilitated, improvement of the purity of the product is facilitated, and the prepared sodium manganese compound can be used in a sodium ion battery using an aqueous solution as an electrolyte, and helps to improve the charge discharge performance of the battery.

The invention discloses a hydroborate hydrolysis catalyst for preparing hydrogen and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of hydrogen production and energy sources. The chemical composition of the catalyst is represented as MxB, wherein, M represents one or more of Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Zr, Nd, Mo, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ag or Mg, x is no less than 1 and no larger than 4 and can be a non-integer. The catalyst comprises a monodispersed boride material, and the catalyst has high specific surface area, uniform particle size distribution, and high catalytic activity, and the dehydrogenation rate can reach more than 95 %. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the catalyst, characterized by carrying out solution chemical reaction and vacuum freeze treatment at low temperature to obtain a predecessor, then carrying out heat treatment to obtain the catalyst. The preparation method has the advantages of rapid early-stage reaction, simple and convenient post-treatment and strong operability.

Sensors for determining the presence and concentration of bio-molecules in a biological sample are provided in the form of polymer brushes, which comprise a substrate having a surface that is modified with a water-dispersible or water-soluble polymer segment having functional groups that bind probes. The method of synthesis of such sensors preferably includes use of controlled free radical polymerization techniques, and in particular the use of an iniferter initiator, which allows for controlled architecture polymers to modify the surface of the substrate. In this manner functional groups in the polymer chain are removed from the surface, which allows for solution chemistry to be more realistically reproduced with the benefits of a solid bound probe.

The detecting and calibrating experiment platform for high temperature and high pressure solution chemical sensor includes high pressure kettle with inserting holes for 2-5 similar or dissimilar chemical sensor electrodes to be inserted in, and sealing structures between chemical sensor and the kettle and between the kettle body and the kettle cover. The high temperature and high pressure kettle includes also fluid inlet connected to medium input system, fluid outlet connected to medium output system, and electrochemical parameter measuring system connected to the chemical sensors. The present invention has reliable and safe sealing structure, and may be used in in-situ measurement with and detection and calibration of chemical sensor at high temperature and high pressure conditions of 0-500 deg.c and 0.1-60 MPa.

The invention discloses a choline-chloride-based chemical tinning solution and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of tinning. The choline-chloride-based chemical tinning solution comprises choline chloride, water, 5-40g / L tin salt, 50-150g / L complexing agent and a right amount of acidity regulator, wherein the mol ratio of choline chloride to water is 1:2-1:8. The invention also discloses a tinning technique based on the chemical tinning solution, which comprises the following steps: 1) pretreating a copper workpiece to be plated; 2) putting the pretreated copper workpiece into the choline chloride chemical tinning solution to carry out tinning; and 3) drying the tinned workpiece, and inspecting the finished product. The choline chloride chemical tinning water solution disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple formula and components, high preparation convenience and easily operated technique, does not need strongly-corrosive acid, and can implement continuous deposition.

The invention relates to a method for preparing silver nanometer particles, wherein it is characterized in that: it uses silver nitrate or silver perchlorate as initial reactant; uses sodium oleate or linolic acid sodium as surface activator; mixing them at free ratio; uses toluene, dimethylbenzene, and sub dichlorobenzene or chloroform reaction medium; in organic phase, obtaining silver nanometer particles. The invention has simple control, without preparing forward element and organic solvent with high boiling point, with low cost. The inventive silver nanometer particles can be dispersed in non-polar medium and polar medium.

The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen preparation and energy source technology, and provides a kind of metal boride catalyst with dehydrogenation and hydrogenation characteristic. The metal boride catalyst has the general expression of MxB, where, M is Al, Zr, V, Cr, Co or other metal elements or their combination, and x is 1-4. Into the metal boride, O and / or H may be combined chemically or physically. The catalyst has low cost, excellent hydrogenation activity, and dehydrogenation efficiency up to 96 %. The preparation process of the metal boride catalyst is also provided, and the preparation process includes chemical reaction inside solution to prepare precursor and subsequent two stages of heat treatment. The preparation process is simple and suitable for large scale production.

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods of forming coated substrates for use in catalytic converters, as well as washcoat compositions and methods suitable for using in preparation of the coated substrates, and the coated substrates formed thereby, which in some cases use iron-exchanged zeolite particles that provide enhanced performance such as lower light-off temperatures and lower pollutant levels in exhaust gases. The catalytic material is prepared by a plasma-based method, yielding catalytic material with a lower tendency to migrate on support at high temperatures, and thus less prone to catalyst aging after prolonged use. Also disclosed are catalytic converters using the coated substrates, which have favorable properties as compared to catalytic converters using catalysts deposited on substrates using solution chemistry. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.

Sol-gel chemistry is used for the preparation of energetic materials (explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics) with improved homogeneity, and / or which can be cast to near-net shape, and / or made into precision molding powders. The sol-gel method is a synthetic chemical process where reactive monomers are mixed into a solution, polymerization occurs leading to a highly cross-linked three dimensional solid network resulting in a gel. The energetic materials can be incorporated during the formation of the solution or during the gel stage of the process. The composition, pore, and primary particle sizes, gel time, surface areas, and density may be tailored and controlled by the solution chemistry. The gel is then dried using supercritical extraction to produce a highly porous low density aerogel or by controlled slow evaporation to produce a xerogel. Applying stress during the extraction phase can result in high density materials. Thus, the sol-gel method can be used for precision detonator explosive manufacturing as well as producing precision explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, along with high power composite energetic materials.

Sol-gel chemistry is used for the preparation of energetic materials (explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics) with improved homogeneity, and / or which can be cast to near-net shape, and / or made into precision molding powders. The sol-gel method is a synthetic chemical process where reactive monomers are mixed into a solution, polymerization occurs leading to a highly cross-linked three dimensional solid network resulting in a gel. The energetic materials can be incorporated during the formation of the solution or during the gel stage of the process. The composition, pore, and primary particle sizes, gel time, surface areas, and density may be tailored and controlled by the solution chemistry. The gel is then dried using supercritical extraction to produce a highly porous low density aerogel or by controlled slow evaporation to produce a xerogel. Applying stress during the extraction phase can result in high density materials. Thus, the sol-gel method can be used for precision detonator explosive manufacturing as well as producing precision explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, along with high power composite energetic materials.

The invention belongs to the field of optical material manufacturing and application, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-reflective anti-glare (ARAG) coating material with adjustable low reflection width. The non-conductive ARAG coating material with the adjustable low reflection width is provided with a substrate or a film material and a film layer which is deposited on the substrate or the film material, alternately has high refraction and low refraction, and comprises an anti-glare additive; and an ARAG film with adjustable low reflection width is deposited on the surface of the substrate by a solution chemistry dip-coating method and then subjected to heating curing to form the non-conductive anti-glare coating material with a high transmission property. ARAG film glass with adjustable low reflection width prepared by the method has transmissivity up to 90-97% at 550 nanometers, and has excellent ultrasonic cleaning resistance and thermal tempering resistance. In addition, the ARAG coating material on a high molecular material has excellent ultrasonic cleaning resistance and an excellent mechanical property.

The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing and application of optical glass, and particularly relates to a preparation method of anti-glare (AG) coated glass. The preparation method is applicable to production of nonconductive anti-glare coated glass with adjustable transmittance and haze in the fields of various displays, computer and electronic display touch screens, photo frames and electronic digital photo frames, automobile instruments, medical displays, cover plate glass for scripts and paintings and the like. The nonconductive anti-glare coated glass has a glass substrate, and a low-refraction and anti-glare additive-containing film layer deposited on the glass substrate, wherein the anti-glare film is deposited on the surface of the glass substrate by a solution dip-coating chemical method, and through heating curing, nonconductive coated glass with adjustable transmittance and haze is formed. The coated glass prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the transmittance of 75-98% and the haze of 0.5-20% at 550 nm and has excellent physical tempering resistance.

The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing and application of optical glass, and particularly relates to a preparation method of adjustable broadband anti-reflection (AR) coated glass. The preparation method is applicable to production of nonconductive coated glass with low reflection and high transmittance in the fields of various displays, computer and electronic display touch screens, photo frames and electronic digital photo frames, automobile instruments, medical displays, cover plate glass for scripts and paintings and the like. The nonconductive anti-reflection coated glass has a glass substrate, and a film layer having alternate high refraction and low refraction and deposited on the glass substrate, wherein the anti-reflection film is deposited on the surface of the glass substrate by a solution dip-coating chemical method, and through heating curing, nonconductive coated glass with high transmittance is formed. The anti-reflection coated glass prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the transmittance of 99% or above at 550nm and has excellent ultrasonic cleaning and physical tempering resistance.

The invention discloses a method for oxidative degradation of organic wastewater through low-grade thermal energy and belongs to the field of advanced oxidative degradation of organic wastewater. Themethod comprises converting low-grade thermal energy into chemical potential energy of a working solution through a separator, and converting chemical potential energy of the solution into organic wastewater oxidative degradation energy through the oxidizing reaction at an anode and the reducing reaction at a cathode in a reverse electrodialysis RED cell stack and outputting the electric energy, wherein after the solution chemical potential energy is converted into the organic wastewater oxidative degradation energy and electrical energy, the concentration of the concentrated solution is decreased and the concentration of the diluted solution is increased, the two solutions flowing out of the RED cell stack and are mixed into a solution with an intermediate concentration, and the solutionwith an intermediate concentration is preheated and heated, then enters a separator and then is heated and separated through low-grade heat so that one cycle is finished. The low-grade heat can be fully, continuously and stepwisely used. The system is simple and reliable, has flexible volume configuration, is safe in operation and can effectively degrade various high-concentration organic wastewater that are difficult to biochemically degrade.

Sol-gel chemistry is used for the preparation of energetic materials (explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics) with improved homogeneity, and / or which can be cast to near-net shape, and / or made into precision molding powders. The sol-gel method is a synthetic chemical process where reactive monomers are mixed into a solution, polymerization occurs leading to a highly cross-linked three dimensional solid network resulting in a gel. The energetic materials can be incorporated during the formation of the solution or during the gel stage of the process. The composition, pore, and primary particle sizes, gel time, surface areas, and density may be tailored and controlled by the solution chemistry. The gel is then dried using supercritical extraction to produce a highly porous low density aerogel or by controlled slow evaporation to produce a xerogel. Applying stress during the extraction phase can result in high density materials. Thus, the sol-gel method can be used for precision detonator explosive manufacturing as well as producing precision explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, along with high power composite energetic materials.

The invention provides a method for preparing zinc sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles. The method has the main technical characteristics that zinc acetate and sulfocarbamide are selected as initial reactants; polyvinylpyrrolidone is selected as a macromolecular surfactant; the materials are mixed according to arbitrary proportion; water, ethanol, glycol and N,N-dimethylfomamide are used as reaction mediums; and the zinc sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles are obtained through chemical reaction of the solution. The method aims to solve the problems that the prior preparation method is difficult to control the reaction, is environment-friendly in the reaction process and uses an organic surfactant with high cost and complex structure, and the like. The method has the advantages that the obtained zinc sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles can generate quantum size effect and can be well dispersed in the water, the ethanol and other polar solvents.

The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen preparation and energy source technology, and provides a kind of metal boride catalyst with dehydrogenation and hydrogenation characteristic. The metal boride catalyst has the general expression of MxB, where, M is Al, Zr, V, Cr, Co or other metal elements or their combination, and x is 1-4. Into the metal boride, O and / or H may be combined chemically or physically. The catalyst has low cost, excellent hydrogenation activity, and dehydrogenation efficiency up to 96 %. The preparation process of the metal boride catalyst is also provided, and the preparation process includes chemical reaction inside solution to prepare precursor and subsequent two stages of heat treatment. The preparation process is simple and suitable for large scale production.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-silicon double-modified graphene quantum dot solid film. According to the method, the technology of radio frequency plasma enhanced chemicalvapor deposition is used as a growth method of the graphene quantum dot solid film; the high purity ethylene is used as carbon source gas of the graphene quantum dot growth; and silane mixed gas and high purity nitrogen are used to correspondingly provide silicon modification and nitrogen modification for the graphene quantum dot growth. Compared with common methods for preparing graphene quantumdots at present, such as an electrochemical method, a hydrothermal method, an acid oxidation method, a solution chemistry method, and a microwave ultrasonic method, the preparation method has the outstanding advantages that the graphene quantum dots are not present in a liquid and colloidal form, but in the form of a solid film, and the preparation process is compatible with a conventional semiconductor process. The preparation method of the nitrogen-silicon double-modified graphene quantum dot solid film can make the graphene quantum dots be well applied in semiconductor devices such as solarbatteries, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes.

The invention relates to a method for preparing silver nanometer particles, wherein it is characterized in that: it uses silver nitrate or silver perchlorate as initial reactant; uses sodium oleate or linolic acid sodium as surface activator; mixing them at free ratio; uses toluene, dimethylbenzene, and sub dichlorobenzene or chloroform reaction medium; in organic phase, obtaining silver nanometer particles. The invention has simple control, without preparing forward element and organic solvent with high boiling point, with low cost. The inventive silver nanometer particles can be dispersed in non-polar medium and polar medium.

The invention discloses a method for activating the surface of a PCB circuit to realize electroless nickel plating, which belongs to the field of printed circuit board manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing 0.01-10 g / L soluble silver salt as a silver immersion solution; 2) preparing an activation solution according to the ratio of 1-100 g / L pH stabilizer and 10-50 g / L reducing agent, and the pH stabilizer is hydrogen One or more of sodium oxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, sodium acetate, etc., and the reducing agent is one or more of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, methanol, vitamin C, citric acid, etc.; 3) Pretreatment of PCB board; 4) After pretreatment, the PCB board is immersed in the immersion silver solution for 10-120s, cleaned, and then immersed in the activation solution for 10-80s; 5) The PCB board obtained in the previous step is chemically nickel plated. The invention avoids the use of precious metal palladium in the activation process, the activation solution has high stability and no seepage phenomenon, and effectively reduces the PCB production cost.

A method of generating soluble polyphosphides using solution chemistry is presented. A reaction between potassium ethoxide and shelf stable red phosphorus generated soluble polyphosphides in a variety of organic solvents with the 31P NMR spectrum being used to detect the species of polyphosphides produced.

The invention belongs to the field of geological exploration and research, relates to analysis of dissolution equilibrium of a multi-component water-salt (rock) system, in particular to judgment of the chemical equilibrium proceeding direction of brine solution or carbonate solution by calculating activity product and comparing the activity product with solubility product. Data such as the concentration of each ion, temperature and the like needs inputting, so that the invention is more specific and visual, and easy to implement for the common technical personnel.