The invention discloses a phytoremediation method for a river channel buffer zone. According to the phytoremediation method for the river channel buffer zone, on a river channel, dredged earthwork is piled into the buffer zone and a main river channel from outside to inside, the water level of the buffer zone is controlled to be 0.5-2.5 m, and the water level of the main river channel reaches 3-4.5 m; rock filling type and insertion hole concrete block type bottom shape transformation is conducted on the buffer zone; a remediation agent is added to a water body in the river channel; an embankment is established at the upslope of the transformed buffer zone, and aquatic plants are planted, and floating plants are planted at the downhill position of the buffer zone; and submerged plants are planted at the main river channel, and omnivorous fishes and shrimps are bred at the main river channel. By the adoption of the phytoremediation method for the river channel buffer zone, the water quality and the aquatic environment of the river channel buffer zone are effectively improved, and the river channel is purified and beautified; the biodiversity of the water area is increased, water regulation and storage and flood discharge of the river channel are smoother, and the functions of underground water supplementation, carbon fixation and oxygen release and the like of a river system are further improved; and the urban landscape function of the river band can be fully embodied.