92 results about "Rate of rise" patented technology

A method for reducing acoustic noise produced during use of a lamp dimmer detects whether the dimmer is a leading edge (101) or a trailing edge dimmer (102). A nominal firing time of a leading edge dimmer is determined and a post-correction applied to a voltage applied to the dimmer starting from the nominal firing time so as to build-up the voltage gradually during a predetermined post-correction time period and thereby reduce the rate of rise of the leading edge thereof. A nominal cutoff time of a trailing edge dimmer is determined and a pre-correction applied to a voltage applied to the dimmer starting from the nominal cut-off time so as to diminish the voltage gradually during a predetermined pre-correction time period and thereby reduce the rate of rise of the leading edge thereof. Other methods are disclosed for soft starting filament lamps and controlling dimmer circuits.

There is provided by this invention novel magnetron sputtering apparatus that is generally comprised of a pulsed dc power supply capable of delivering peak powers of 0.1 megaWatts to several megaWatts with a peak power density greater than 1 kW / cm2. The power supply has a pulsing circuit comprised of an energy storage capacitor and serially connected inductor with a switching means for disconnecting the pulsing circuit from the plasma and recycling the inductor energy back to the energy storage capacitor at the detection of an arc condition. The energy storage capacitor and the serially connected inductor provide an impedance match to the plasma, limits the current rate of rise and peak magnitude in the event of an arc, and shapes the voltage pulses to the plasma.

A method and apparatus that solve the problem of accurate measurement of gas flow so that the delivery of gases in semiconductor processing may be performed with greater confidence and accuracy by performing real-time characterization of a lead-line for mass flow controller (MFC) flow verification are provided. In one embodiment a mass flow verifier (MFV) provides rate of rise information to a controller via a digital interface without correcting for lead-line influences. After receiving the rate of rise data from the tool host computer computes a gas mass correction factor in real-time based on at least one of the following: MFC temperature sensor data, lead-line temperature sensor data, lead-line pressure transducer data, and lead-line volume. The rate of rise data and gas mass correction factor are used to compute accurate mass flow. The accurate mass flow information may be used to calibrate the MFC.

The invention relates to a full-solid-state direct-current circuit breaker of a direct-current power distribution network. The full-solid-state direct-current circuit breaker is characterized in that the direct-current circuit breaker is formed by connecting an auxiliary circuit breaker loop, a main circuit breaker loop and an energy absorption loop in parallel, and the auxiliary circuit breaker loop comprises a thyristor switch unit and a modularized full control device switch unit, and the thyristor switch unit and the modularized full control device switch unit are connected in series; the main circuit breaker loop comprises a plurality of press fit full control device switch units, a lightning arrester and a fuser, and a diode bridge type structure is adopted for two-way through flow; the energy absorption loop comprises at least one lightning arrester. The full-solid-state direct-current circuit breaker is novel in topology structure and comprehensive in function, the on-state loss is small in normal operation, the current state can be fast detected, faults can be effectively recognized, two-way current can be cut off in faults, the current turn-off grade is high, the fault removal speed is high, the voltage and energy absorption effect is good in the turn-off process, the rate of rise of fault current is effectively limited, and the series-connection valve banks of the main circuit breaker loop and the full control device of the auxiliary circuit breaker loop can be reliably protected.

A boosted auxiliary winding power supply for a switched-power converter circuit provides operating voltage for control and other circuits early in the start-up phase of converter operation. A boost circuit has an input coupled to the auxiliary winding to boost the voltage available from the auxiliary winding at least during start-up of the switched-power converter. The boost thereby provides a voltage that is greater than the voltage across the auxiliary winding during start-up of the switched-power converter. The boost circuit may be actively switched at a rate higher than a switching rate of the switched-power converter, to increase a rate of rise of the operating voltage. Polarity information, which may be provided from the switched-power converter control circuit, can be used to actively rectify the output of the auxiliary winding.

A dimmer circuit arrangement is disclosed including a second control circuit (40) for controlling the operation of a triac (50) for delivering current to a load (60), and a first control circuit (10) for controlling the operation of an IGBT power semiconductor switch (20) for controlling the rate of rise of load voltage. The first control circuit also controls the operation of the second control circuit.

A boosted auxiliary winding power supply for a switched-power converter circuit provides operating voltage for control and other circuits early in the start-up phase of converter operation. A boost circuit has an input coupled to the auxiliary winding to boost the voltage available from the auxiliary winding at least during start-up of the switched-power converter. The boost thereby provides a voltage that is greater than the voltage across the auxiliary winding during start-up of the switched-power converter. The boost circuit may be actively switched at a rate higher than a switching rate of the switched-power converter, to increase a rate of rise of the operating voltage. Polarity information, which may be provided from the switched-power converter control circuit, can be used to actively rectify the output of the auxiliary winding.

A dimmer circuit arrangement is disclosed including a second control circuit for controlling the operation of a triac for delivering current to a load, and a first control circuit for controlling the operation of an IGBT power semiconductor switch for controlling the rate of rise of load voltage. The first control circuit also controls the operation of the second control circuit.

A microprocessor controlled hazardous condition detection system and method containing a sensor package, the sensor package containing sensors exposed to the ambient environment. The system also includes an alarm means coupled to the sensor package through a microprocessor having volatile and non-volatile memory. In a preferred embodiment the hazardous condition detector is ionization-technology-based and optimized to readily detect smoldering as well as traditional flash fires. The microprocessor stores the periodic readings in the volatile memory, and calculates an average of a plurality of the periodic readings. The microprocessor analyzes the character / type of smoke by tracking the rate of rise of the sensor signal over a predetermined time period. Based on the progression of the rate of rise calculated from periodic sampling of the ambient environment the microprocessor evaluates the rate of ionized particle change and adjusts the alarm thresholding to readily detect both smoldering and flash fires.

A method and apparatus that solve the problem of accurate measurement of gas flow so that the delivery of gases in semiconductor processing may be performed with greater confidence and accuracy by performing real-time characterization of a lead-line for mass flow controller (MFC) flow verification are provided. In one embodiment a mass flow verifier (MFV) provides rate of rise information to a controller via a digital interface without correcting for lead-line influences. After receiving the rate of rise data, the tool host computer computes a gas mass correction factor in real-time based on at least one of the following: MFC temperature sensor data, lead-line temperature sensor data, lead-line pressure transducer data, and lead-line volume. The rate of rise data and gas mass correction factor are used to compute accurate mass flow. The accurate mass flow information may be used to calibrate the MFC.

Where an attachment means connects a heat sink to a system component, heat is thereby conducted to the heat sink from the component, a temperature sensor is located on the heat sink and another on the component or the attachment means, a portion of the attachment means is disposed between the sensors. Temperature readings from the sensors are compared to identify a failing one of the heat sink, the attachment means portion, and the component, with respect to heat conduction. Corrective action may be identified, and self-power means may also be provided to supply operative power. A wireless output circuit may be provided. Multiple heat sink sensors may be provided in any element. Rate-of-rise temperature readings may be observed and compared, including to historical values.

An arrangement for interrupting current comprising a first and a second terminal adapted to electrically connect two sections of a power system is provided. A voltage control means is controllable in use to inject energy into said loop to force a rapid increase of an alternating current flowing through said main branch while being controlled to open to interrupt a main current, and whereby zero cross-over of the current through the mechanical main circuit breaker is realized as the amplitude of the alternating current exceeds the amplitude of the main current. An energy absorbing device is adapted to limit the voltage across said capacitor and said mechanical breaker when the mechanical breaker is open, and across an inductive element if the voltage across the mechanical breaker breaks down, at or immediately after an opening process, thereby limiting the rate-of-rise and the peak of the current through said loop.

The invention discloses a determination method for an abnormal SQL (structured query language) statement and a server. The determination method comprises the following steps: obtaining total execution time and total execution frequency of each first service SQL statement in a current collecting period, taking the first service SQL statement corresponding to the total execution time before a first set number as a second service SQL statement; obtaining the total execution time and the total execution frequency of each second service SQL statement in a selected collecting period; calculating the rate of rise of the average execution time corresponding to the second service SQL statement; judging whether the rate of rise of the average execution time of each second service SQL statement is greater than a first set threshold value or not respectively, judging that the second service SQL statement with the rate of rise of the average execution time greater than the first set threshold value is the abnormal SQL statement. The normal operation of the system and good user experience are ensured by the technical scheme.

The invention is a process for the development and use of a model for the prediction of shallow ground water level fluctuation. This approach involves using site specific ground water observations for the determination of rate of decline due to infiltration and rate of rise due to precipitation for the ground water level at a site, followed by use of those rates with historic precipitation records to estimate the extent of historic saturation and inundation periods at the site. That information may then be used for the delineation of jurisdictional wetlands and other similar applications. The steps of the process are as follows: 1. Short-term on-site observations of ground water level and rainfall 2. Statistical analysis to determine rainfall response and infiltration rates to develop site model 3. Prediction of past ground water levels using historic rainfall records for the region 4. Estimation of percentage of years meeting wetland regulation criteria

A MOS type semiconductor device wherein on voltage is low, the rate of rise of current at turn-on time is low, and it is possible to hold down the rate of rise of collector current at turn-on time, and reduce radiation noise. The device includes a stripe-shaped plan-view pattern of protruding semiconductor region on an n-type substrate and having a p-type region sandwiched between an upper side n-type first region and a lower side n-type second region, a top flat portion including a depression region with a depth reaching the p-type region, and an inclined portion between the top flat portion and a bottom flat portion around the protruding semiconductor region; and a gate electrode with one end portion of the gate electrode on a surface within the inclined portion, and another end portion on a surface of the lower side n-type second region in the p-type region side vicinity.

The invention is suitable for the field of power supplies and provides a switching power supply and an overvoltage protection circuit thereof. The switching power supply comprises a power conversion unit and a switching power supply overvoltage protection circuit. The switching power supply overvoltage protection circuit comprises a power conversion control unit and an overvoltage protection unit. The overvoltage protection unit comprises a voltage detection and power supply management module, a feedback module, a power supply switch module and a time-delay clamping module. In the embodiment of the invention, when the output voltage of the power conversion unit of the switching power supply sharply rises to a value exceeding an overvoltage point, the voltage detection and the power supply management module feeds the output voltage back to the control end of the power conversion control unit, the time-delay clamping module reduces the rate of rise of the output voltage at the control end, the power conversion unit reduces the rate of rise of the output voltage of the power conversion unit, the voltage detection and power supply management module can conduct overvoltage protection in time even through time delay exists and therefore the switching power supply or a load can be prevented from being burned out.

The invention discloses a mechanical type high-voltage DC breaker on-off equivalent test loop and method. The on-off equivalent test loop comprises a current source, an auxiliary loop, a frequency modulation loop and a voltage source, wherein one end of the auxiliary loop is connected with the current source, the other end of the auxiliary loop is connected with a mechanical switch in a mechanical type high-voltage DC breaker, the frequency modulation loop is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, and the voltage source is connected in parallel with the frequency modulation loop. According to the invention, due to addition of a parallel capacitor C, the equivalent capacitance value of a conversion loop after current zero-crossing of the mechanical switch is greatly reduced. Since the voltage source oscillates with the conversion loop in the mechanical type high-voltage DC breaker and the frequency modulation loop through the parallel capacitor C in the auxiliary loop after current zero-crossing arc blowout of the mechanical switch, the oscillation frequency can be improved by reducing the equivalent capacitance value of the conversion loop, and the rate of rise of recovery voltages can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a servo control system for simulating air pressure of an aircraft. The servo control system comprises a positive pressure source, a negative pressure source, and a pressure sensor, a controller and servo valves that are connected in sequence. The servo valves comprise a first servo valve and a second servo valve. The first servo valve and the second servo valve are used for enabling the positive pressure source and the negative pressure source to be communicated with an air pressure stimulation chamber so that the simulated air pressure P of the air pressure stimulation chamber is changed. The pressure sensor is used for detecting the simulated air pressure P and sending the air pressure to the controller. The controller is used for controlling the opening degree of the servo valves according to instruction signals I. In this way, the rate of rises of drops of the simulated air pressure P is changed. Multiple control valves are adopted to replace a single control valve to conduct associated adjusting of air inflation and air exhaust, differences of a controlled accommodation chamber during an air inflation and exhaust thermodynamic process are made up, pressure control is prevented from being affected due to malfunctioning of the valves, and the pressure change of the controlled accommodation chamber is made to be more steady.

The invention relates to a processing method of pickled bullacta, which comprises the following steps of: after carrying out the processes of processing a raw material, fixing the shape, drying, adding salt, salting, flavoring, packaging and the like, sterilizing at superpressure, i.e. putting into the pickled bullacta packaged in vacuum into an isopressing processing cabin of a superpressure plant, combining three groups of pressures of one group of 200MPa and 500Mpa, one group of 240MPa and 500MPa and one group of 280MPa and 500MPa under the condition of the temperature of 4-45 DEG C, processing for 6-10 times circularly and sterilizing, wherein the respective dwell time of the three groups of pressures is 1.0-2.0min, the fluctuation range of the working pressure is not greater than 5MPa, the rate of rise is 100MPa / min, and the decompresssion time is 15s. The invention has the advantages that the sterilization effect is good, the storage life is prolonged, the nutritional componentsof the bullacta are not influenced basically, and the mouth feel and the appearance of a product of the pickled bullacta are kept. Meanwhile, the invention has the characteristics of easy operation and low energy consumption.

A hydrogen production apparatus capable of detecting hydrogen excess or steam excess in the interior of reforming unit or selective oxidation unit through simple means etc. There is provided hydrogen production apparatus (120) comprising hydrogen production unit (118) including reforming unit (100) for producing a reformed gas from a raw material and steam; transforming unit (103) for carrying out a shift reaction of the reformed gas fed from the reforming unit (100); and selective oxidation unit (105) for lowering to a given level or below the concentration of carbon monoxide gas contained in the reaction gas resulting from the shift reaction. The hydrogen production apparatus (120) further comprises control unit (205) and temperature detectors (116,117) for detecting the temperature of either the transforming unit (103) or the selective oxidation unit (105). The control unit (205) detects the amount of water or steam housed in the interior of the hydrogen production unit (118) as being in excess condition when the rate of rise of temperature detected by the temperature detectors (116,117) is less than a given threshold value.

A loudspeaker system suitable for a confined space includes an electro-acoustic transducer and an enclosure for the electro-acoustic transducer. The enclosure combines a second order topology to produce a rising acoustic response (40) for the system at a second order rate and a helmholtz resonator adapted to modify the rate of rise of the response relative to the second order rate such that the response is attenuated relative to the second order rate but is accentuated relative to a flat response, within a substantial part of a passband of the system at least at a selected frequency or frequencies. The system has means included in an electrical path driving the electro-acoustic transducer for equalizing the rising response to provide extended dynamic headroom at least at the selected frequency or frequencies.

The invention discloses a device for limiting a peak value and the rate of rise of transient recovery voltage of a circuit breaker, which not only can limit the rate of rise of the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker, but also can limit the peak value of the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker. In the device of the invention, the two ends of the circuit breaker are connected in parallel with a capacitor and a lightning protector so as to limit the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker; the capacitor is connected in parallel so as to limit the rate of rise of the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker; and the lightning protector is connected in parallel to the two ends of the circuit breaker can limit the peak value of the transient recovery voltage of the circuit breaker.

The invention relates to a ceramic-matrix composite material as well as a preparation method thereof, in particular to a titanium zirconium carbide particle reinforced silica-alumina titanium zirconium carbide matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. A zirconium titanium carbide particle reinforced silica-alumina titanium zirconium carbide solid solution adopting the in-situ synthesis has a zirconium titanium carbide particle reinforced phase with the volume percentage of 5 to 30 percent; and the preparation method comprises: firstly, taking a titanium powder, a zirconium powder, a silicon powder, an aluminum powder and a graphite powder as raw materials, mixing the materials by a physical mechanical method for 10 to 25 hours, putting the materials in a graphite mould for cold briquetting, with the exerted pressure of 5 to 20MPa, and sintering the materials in a hot pressing furnace input with a protective atmosphere, with a rate of rise of temperature of 5 to 50DEG C / min, a sintering temperature of between 1400 and 1650 DEG C, the sintering time of 0.5 to 2 hours, and a sintering pressure of 20 to 40MPa. The composite material and the method can prepare the titanium zirconium carbide particle reinforced silica-alumina titanium zirconium carbide matrix composite material with excellent combination properties such as high purity, high density, high hardness, high toughness and high-temperature mechanical property under rather low temperature and in a short period of time.

A method for reverse reaction sintered Si3N4 / SiC composite belongs to the inorganic nonmetals science and engineering techniques field. The ingredients is that: Si3N4 and SiC serves as raw material, one to three of the Al, Si, SiO2 serve(s) as additive, and resin serves as anchoring agent, wherein the weight percentage of the ingredients is that 5~35% of Si3N4, 0~10% of additive, 0.5~9.5% of anchoring agent, and the balance is SiC. The mixture of the ingredients is adequately mixed in an agitator and then is formed the blank with a pressing density of 2.00~2.80 g / cm<3>. The obtained blank is dried and sintered in a kiln at 600~1500 DEG C with a rate of rise of 10~60 DEG C per hour, and the burnt temperature is 1350~1500 DEG C with thermal insulation for 1~12 hours. The present invention has the advantages of that the Si3N4 / SiC composite has higher performance, the equipment is simple; besides, the technology is safe and reliable, is convenient to be controlled and is adapted to mass production.

A method for reducing acoustic noise produced during use of a lamp dimmer detects whether the dimmer is a leading edge (101) or a trailing edge dimmer (102). A nominal firing time of a leading edge dimmer is determined and a post-correction applied to a voltage applied to the dimmer starting from the nominal firing time so as to build-up the voltage gradually during a predetermined post-correction time period and thereby reduce the rate of rise of the leading edge thereof. A nominal cutoff time of a trailing edge dimmer is determined and a pre-correction applied to a voltage applied to the dimmer starting from the nominal cut-off time so as to diminish the voltage gradually during a predetermined pre-correction time period and thereby reduce the rate of rise of the leading edge thereof. Other methods are disclosed for soft starting filament lamps and controlling dimmer circuits.

A method for prediction of groundwater level fluctuation. This approach involves using groundwater observations for the determination of rate of decline due to infiltration and rate of rise dues to precipitation for the groundwater level at a site, followed by use of those rates with historic precipitation records to estimate the extent of historic saturation and inundation periods at the site. This information can then be used as an objective criterion for the delineation of jurisdictional wetlands and other similar applications.

The invention discloses a double-side efficient winding machine, relates to textile equipment and aims to solve the problem that a movable frame is low in utilizing rate. According to the technical scheme of the double-side efficient winding machine, the double-side efficient winding machine is characterized by comprising a rack, raw yarn shafts, winding pipe inserting bases and a movable frame; the rack is provided with two raw yarn bearing plates, and the plurality of raw yarn shafts rotate on the two raw yarn bearing plates; the rack is provided with two winding bearing beams; the pluralityof winding pipe inserting bases vertically rotate on the two winding bearing beams; the rack is provided with a driving device used for driving the winding pipe inserting bases; the rack is providedwith two vertical guide rails; the two ends of the movable frame are connected with the two vertical guide rails in a sliding manner; the movable frame is provided with a plurality of extending arms which are provided with yarn guiding sleeves; and the rack is provided with a control device. The double-side efficient winding machine makes the two sides of the movable frame perform winding at the same time, the utilizing rate of rising and falling of the movable frame is effectively increased, and the technical effect that the winding efficiency is doubled is achieved compared with the quoted file.

An engine starting apparatus is equipped with a starter which, when it is required to start an engine, moves a pinion to establish engagement with a ring gear coupled to the engine and energizes an electric motor to produce and transmit torque to the ring gear through the pinion for cranking the engine. When the rate of decrease in current flowing in the electric motor or the rate of rise in voltage appearing at a terminal of the starter or a power supply for the electric motor exceeds a given value after the engine starts being cranked, the engine starting apparatus works as a firing-up determiner to determine that the engine has been fully fired up.