The invention discloses a vehicle and road cloud remote control system and method based on quantum encryption. The control system comprises a cloud service platform, a quantum password service platform, a quantum password generation network and a vehicle-mounted terminal. The cloud service platform comprises a service platform end quantum encryption and decryption module, an information display module and a cloud control module, and the quantum secret service platform comprises a quantum key pool, a quantum key distribution service module and a key management service module. The vehicle-mounted terminal comprises a vehicle end quantum encryption and decryption module, a vehicle video switching module, a CAN communication module, a vehicle end signaling service module and a network monitoring module. According to the method, a traditional quantum encryption mode is creatively improved, and the communication safety performance can be greatly improved; in the remote control process, the system can be automatically switched to the road end to perform short-distance communication with the road end, and the road end directly communicates with the cloud end, so that stable interaction with the cloud end is facilitated, and safe cloud driving is realized.