234 results about "Data quantization" patented technology

Techniques, hardware, and software are provided for quantification of extensional features of structures of an imaged subject from image data representing a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image. In one embodiment, stenosis in a blood vessel may be quantified from volumetric image data of the blood vessel. A profile from a selected family of profiles is fit to selected image data. An estimate of cross sectional area of the blood vessel is generated based on the fit profile. Area values may be generated along a longitudinal axis of the vessel, and a one-dimensional profile fit to the generated area values. An objective quantification of stenosis in the vessel may be obtained from the area profile. In some cases, volumetric image data representing the imaged structure may be reformatted to facilitate the quantification, when the structural feature varies along a curvilinear axis. A mask is generated for the structural feature to be quantified based on the volumetric image data. A curve representing the curvilinear axis is determined from the mask by center-finding computations, such as moment calculations, and curve fitting. Image data are generated for oblique cuts at corresponding selected orientations with respect to the curvilinear axis, based on the curve and the volumetric image data. The oblique cuts may be used for suitable further processing, such as image display or quantification.

A noise and interference power measurement apparatus for an antenna diversity system that services a plurality of users with an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements. A channel estimator estimates a channel impulse response for a radio channel corresponding to a predetermined plurality of regularly spaced direction-of-arrival (DOA) values. A data estimator estimates the received data using a received signal and a system matrix. A quantizer quantizes the estimated data. An interference and noise calculator calculates noise vectors at the respective antenna elements by removing from the received signal an influence of the quantized data to which the system matrix is applied, calculates an estimated noise matrix at the plurality of antenna elements, calculates interference power by auto-correlating the estimated noise matrix, and calculates noise and interference power based on the interference power.

A coding device makes a GOP setting to input image data, and applies a coding process to the input image data on a macroblock basis successively by intra and inter prediction to output coded data. The device includes an orthogonal transform section that applies an orthogonal transform process to prediction error data of the input image data through the intra and inter prediction to generate coefficient data; a quantization section that applies a quantization process to the coefficient data to generate quantized data; a coding section that applies the coding process to the quantized data to generate the coded data; and a rate control section that exercises rate control over the coded data through control over a quantization scale of the quantization section using the coded data. In the coding device, the rate control section includes an activity detection section that detects an activity indicating a smoothness of the input image data; and a prediction residual detection section that detects a prediction residual with the inter prediction of the input image data. The rate control section calculates, in pictures configuring a GOP, a target code amount of any picture that has not yet been subjected to the coding process, another target code amount for a macroblock of any of the pictures relating to the coding process from the target code amount of the picture not yet subjected to the coding process, and the quantization scale of the quantization section in which a generated code amount serves as the target code amount. The rate control section also corrects the calculated quantization scale based on the activity and the prediction residual for improving image quality.

The invention relates to a power distribution network reliability evaluation method based on combinational weighting and fuzzy scoring. The method comprises the following steps of 1) weighting the reliability indexes of the power distribution network by use of a combinational weighting method composed of one subjective weighting method and (s-1) objective weighting methods, 2) getting the expected value of the weight vector of each index weight coefficient of each weighting method in the combinational weighting method, 3) calculating the subjective weight probability coefficient alpha i and the objective weight probability coefficient beta I of the i evaluation index by use of an expectancy method, 4) obtaining the probability coefficients alpha and beta of the subjective and objective weights in a combination weight by use of the least square method, 5) obtaining a combination weight vector omega according to the weight vector of each index weight coefficient of each weighting method in the combinational weighting method, and 6) performing quantitative scoring on the reliability index data of the power distribution network by use of a fuzzy scoring mechanism for determining a fuzzy typical point based on the delphi method, and obtaining the overall quantitative scoring result of the power distribution network. Compared with the prior art, the power distribution network reliability evaluation method based on combinational weighting and fuzzy scoring is capable of enabling the weight of each evaluation index to be more reasonable.

An information processing apparatus processes, for each pixel, multivalued image data for a unit area of a recording medium, so as to form an image on the unit area with a plurality of relative movements between a recording head and the recording medium. The apparatus has a selector that selects a first processing mode for dividing the multivalued image data into a plurality of pieces of multivalued image data corresponding to the plurality of relative movements, and then quantizing each of the plurality of pieces of multivalued image data, or a second processing mode for quantizing the multivalued image data into quantized image data, and then dividing the quantized image data into a plurality of pieces of quantized image data corresponding to the plurality of relative movements. The selector selects the processing mode based on a content (attribute, grayscale, color, etc.) of the multivalued image data.

An image transmission apparatus has a difference calculator configured to calculate a difference between actual image data and current predicted data based on previous data, a quantizer configured to generate quantized difference data obtained by quantizing the difference, a quantization characteristic determinator configured to determine a quantization characteristic corresponding to the quantizer based on pixel values of a plurality of neighbor pixels located in surroundings of a current pixel, and a encoder configured to generate code word to be transmitted via a least single transmission line based on the quantized difference data.

An image processing apparatus for quantizing image data indicative of a density gradation level of a constituent pixel of an image into a discrete value on the basis of quantization levels of a number smaller than the maximum density gradation level and not smaller than two. The apparatus comprises: an N-level / M-level quantization circuit for quantizing image data of an object pixel on an N-level basis or on an M-level basis; an error diffusion circuit for distributing an error generated through the N-level quantization or the M-level quantization to peripheral pixels around the object pixel; an N-level quantization threshold setting circuit for setting an N-level quantization threshold in a periodically variable manner; and a process setting circuit for causing the N-level / M-level quantization circuit to perform the M-level quantization for pixels adjacent to a pixel corresponding to either or both of a peak point and a saddle point in the periodic variation of the N-level quantization threshold and causing the N-level / M-level quantization circuit to perform the N-level quantization for pixels corresponding to the peak point and the saddle point.

The AirScene™ Pavement Management System of the present invention automatically tracks data required to determine various factors in an assessment of current and future pavement maintenance needs and utilizes this data to quantify the pavement damage caused by each individual aircraft movement and thus compute pavement condition based on an initial survey and the calculations of accrued damage over time. This information can be displayed through AirScene™ in the form of tables, graphs, or graphically represented on an airport diagram showing present conditions, rates of accruing damage, and future wear rates and areas. The system draws on the data from the AirScene™ Data Warehouse (ADW), a single repository for all the information acquired from a number of different sources. These data include: Aircraft or vehicle type (wheel layout, weight, vehicle specific parameters, and the like), Aircraft or vehicle location (ground track, position, gate used, and the like), Aircraft or vehicle dynamics (velocity, acceleration, take off, touchdown, and the like), Aircraft or vehicle actual weight (cargo load, fuel load, and the like), as well as Future operational data (flight schedules, increasing flight loads and demand, and the like).

The invention discloses a data display method, relates to the field of data processing, and is invented for solving the problem that the value of a video cannot be objectively evaluated in the prior art. According to the technical scheme of the data display method disclosed by the invention, the data display method comprises the following steps: S10, determining the name and evaluation type of a video to be evaluated according to an instruction input by a user; S20, acquiring corresponding data from a pre-connected database according to the name and evaluation type of the video; S30, performing data mining on the data to obtain useful data; S40, obtaining a mathematical model corresponding to the evaluation type from a preset model library, and analyzing the useful data through the mathematical model to obtain a data quantitative index corresponding to the evaluation type; S50, displaying the data quantitative index. Due to the adoption of the scheme, the data display method can be applied to the fields of video evaluation, bidding and the like.

A motion vector detection apparatus is disclosed, including: a quantizer for receiving a value of reference pixel and value of pixel to be detected, detecting their maximum values and minimum values, and determining a quantization level using the detected maximum values and minimum values, to quantize the value of reference pixel and value of pixel to be detected; a plurality of processing units for receiving data outputted from the quantizer, and calculating a motion vector, the processing units being connected to the output terminal of the quantizer in parallel; and a minimum value detector for receiving data outputted from the processing units and detecting its minimum value, the minimum value detector being connected to the output terminal of the processing units. The present invention constructs the processing units simply according to the quantization of data using the quantizer, to increase the integration of the processing units in a single chip, improving the processing speed.

A method for data quantization is provided. The method includes: receiving data to be quantized; calculating a quantization parameter according to a distribution of the data to be quantized; iteratively calculating an optimal quantization step size according to the quantization parameter and the data to be quantized; and quantizing the data to be quantized according to the optimal quantization step size to obtain quantization data.

The invention provides a tongue picture profile extracting method and application thereof. Aiming at the problems of selecting an initial profile point range of profile extraction during tongue partition, defining and selecting energy items in a snake model during tongue profile extraction and balancing the influences of the energy items on the tongue profile extraction in the prior art, the method processes the abnormal condition and the extracted tongue profile containing lips. The method provided by the invention for identifying an image and extracting and partitioning a profile assists a user to acquire a tongue picture and diagnose a disease, quantizes the traditional Chinese medicinal diagnosis and treatment data, and provides basis and possibility for unifying standards of Chinese medicinal diagnosis.

An image processing apparatus is configured to process multivalued image data corresponding to a unit area of a recording medium so as to form an image on the unit area with a plurality of relative movements between a recording head and the recording medium. The apparatus has a selecting unit for selecting either a first processing mode to segment the multivalued image data into a plurality of multivalued image data corresponding to the plurality of relative movements, and then quantize each of the plurality of multivalued image data, or a second processing mode to quantize the multivalued image data into quantized image data, and then segment the quantized image data into a plurality of quantized image data corresponding to the plurality of relative movements. The selecting unit may select either the first processing mode or the second processing mode based on the number of relative movements to the unit area.

The invention discloses a GPS (Global Positioning System) capture unit design method based on a matched filter. The GPS capture unit design method comprises the following steps: a GPS signal is changed into a mid-frequency digital signal after being subject to RF (Radio Frequency) front-end processing, and then the mid-frequency digital signal is re-quantified into a digital signal by a data quantification unit; the digital signal is changed into an orthogonal signal I and an orthogonal signal Q by a data orthogonal transformation unit; the orthogonal signal I and an orthogonal signal Q are further subjected to carrier stripping through a carrier NCO (Numerical Controlled Oscillator) and a complex multiplier to be changed into baseband signals close to zero frequency; a C / A code encoder generates a local C / A code; the locally generated C / A code is utilized to strip pseudo-codes in the orthogonal signal I and the orthogonal signal Q in MF (Medium Frequency) to complete coherent integration; and an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) module transforms the coherent integration value to the frequency domain, outputs the frequency-domain amplitude values at 32 frequency points, then conduct noncoherent integration, and after that, outputs the maximum value, as well as a frequency point and a code phase, which correspond to the maximum value. The GPS capture unit design method increases the signal capture speed of a GPS receiver.

The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-dimensional quantum data compressing and uncompressing method and apparatus. The multi-dimensional quantum data compressing method includes obtaining input source data to generate binary coded data of the source data; performing multi-dimensional run-length encoding on the binary encoded data and decomposing source data codes into program codes and quantum codes; building a quantum coding dictionary respectively for the program codes and the quantum codes; performing binary encoded data quantization coding on the program codes and the quantum codes according to the built quantum coding dictionaries, sequentially replacing data quantum with data quantum coding, and obtaining quantum codes of the program codes and the quantum codes respectively; compressing the quantum codes of the program codes and the quantum codes respectively to obtain compressed data; coding compression parameters into a compressed data header; combining the compressed data header with the compressed data to form ultimate compressed output data. The multi-dimensional quantum data compressing and uncompressing method is applicable to data of all types.

An image encoding device includes a dynamic range generator for outputting dynamic range data Dd1 of block image data Dc1, an average value generator for outputting average value data De1 of the block image data Dc1, a number-of-pixel reducing unit 20 for decreasing number of pixels of the block image data by reduction-number of pixels to generate reduced-number-of-pixel block image data Dc1′, an encoding parameter generator 18 for generating encoding parameter pa1 specifying a quantization bit rate and the reduction-number of pixels in accordance with the dynamic range data Dd1, a quantization threshold generator 19 for generating a quantization threshold value tb1, and an image data quantizer 21 for generating quantized image data Df1 from the reduced-number-of-pixel block image data Dc1′ with use of the quantization threshold value tb1.

A method and system for quantifying profile characteristics of semiconductor devices, including receiving profile data for a device under evaluation and isolating from the profile data a region indicating a profile edge. The profile edge data is rotated by ninety degrees to become rotated profile edge data. The non-rotated profile edge data or rotated profile edge data is then used to calculate at least one geometric parameter describing the profile edge.

A video action detection system uses feature a data extractor to extract feature data from video data at detected spatiotemporal interest points. A feature data quantizer assigns the extracted feature values to bins of a feature vector. Bin values are computed from a sum of contributions of spatiotemporal points of interest that have been assigned to the bin, with a bin dependent adjustment of a size of the sum and / or the contributions. The video action detection system computes a sum of match scores between the feature vector and reference vectors for the predetermined type of action. The bin dependent adjustment of the size of the sum and / or the contributions is adapted in a training step, based on partial match scores for individual bins obtained using an initial action detector.

The present patent provides an image processing apparatus, and an image recording apparatus, program and recording medium. The image processing apparatus quantizes multi-level image data of M gray levels into N-level image data (M>N>2) by using one of a multi-level error diffusion method to form an image by using a dot corresponding to each pixel included in the N-level image data, and includes various image processing units to obtain a correction value based on error values of neighboring pixels a target pixel, store quantized states of the neighboring pixels to set a threshold, compare the threshold with the correction value to determine the N-level image data, weight and diffuse an error generated with the N-level image data to the neighboring pixels of the target pixel. The image processing apparatus also includes an N-level processing unit to execute N-level processing and a binary processing unit configured to execute binary processing according to a dot type, and uses a weight matrix.

The invention provides an anti-saturation quantization coding and decoding method used for spaceborne SAR original data, comprising the steps as follows: partitioned data is normalized according to the mapping relationship between ADC output signal amplitude average value and ADC output signal standard difference; the normalized high-saturation partitioned data is quantized; the normalized low-saturation partitioned data is quantized; the high-saturation partitioned data and the low-saturation partitioned data are distinguished according to coding address, thus gaining the coding data; the coding data is decoded to gain the decoding data; the decoding data is normalized (namely power compensation) according to the mapping relationship between the ADC output signal amplitude average value and ADC input signal standard difference. The method apparently improves the performance of BAQ arithmetic during the saturation of ADC and can achieve the object by changing the quantization coding in FPGA only, without changing the software and hardware for BAQ arithmetic.

A threshold matrix creating method creates threshold value matrixes for quantizing multi-level image data into three or more valued data in order to represent halftone by ON and OFF states of a plurality of kinds of dots. The method includes a first stage which determines a threshold value layout order of the threshold value matrixes for binarizing the multi-level image data in order to represent the halftone by ON and OFF states of one kind of dot, and a second stage which creates each of threshold value matrixes for quantizing the multi-level image data into three or more valued data, according to the threshold value layout order determined by the first stage.

An image data compression device comprises a quantizing section for quantizing image data with a quantization step changing in accordance with a quantization parameter, a FIFO buffer section for buffering the quantized data corresponding to a plurality of frames, an encoded data generating section for generating encoded data obtained by encoding the quantized data retrieved from the FIFO buffer section asynchronously with writing thereto, and a rate control section for controlling a data size of the encoded data by changing the quantization step. The rate control section finds a predicted data size of the encoded data of the precedent frame from the size of the quantized data of the precedent frame, and sets or releases an upper limit threshold of the quantization parameter based on the number of assignable bits assignable to a compressing process or the number of remaining frames. When setting the upper limit threshold of the quantization parameter, the quantization parameter is found so as to be equal to or less than the upper limit threshold of the quantization parameter using the predicted data size.

The invention provides a system and a method for optimizing a cutting process, relating to the technical field of the cutting process. The system comprises an evaluation index selector, a data quantitative processor, a sample classifier, a process scheme evaluator and a process scheme selector. The method for realizing the optimization for the cutting process by adopting the system and on the basis of a particle swarm classifying and self-adaption nerve fuzzy inference system comprises the following steps: generating a training sample set by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the collected process index data; establishing a self-adaption nerve fuzzy inference system model by learning the training sample set; autonomously generating a fuzzy inference rule, thereby acquiring an evaluation value and confirming the optimal cutting process scheme. According to the method provided by the invention, the intelligent evaluation and the prior evaluation can be realized; the evaluation process is simple and clear; through the method and the system, different cutting process schemes of a same part can be compared and then the optimal process route can be confirmed; under the condition of guaranteeing the emission reduction and environment protection, the cutting process can be more effectively realized.

An error adding step adds together input multi-tone image data and peripheral error information. An adding / subtracting step adds to or subtracts from multi-tone image data calculated by the error adding step, a random number in a matrix prepared for each set of pixels of the input multi-tone image data. A quantizing step quantizes multi-tone image data calculated by the adding / subtracting step into image data, the number of bits of which image data being smaller than the number of bits of the multi-tone image data calculated by the adding / subtracting step. An error calculating step calculates an error based on the multi-tone image data calculated by the error adding step and the image data quantized by the quantizing step. An error storing step stores the error calculated by the error calculating step for each peripheral pixel. An error operation step calculates peripheral error information based on the error stored by the error storing step for each peripheral pixel, and provides the peripheral error information to the error adding step.

Validation verification data quantifying an intensity of light reaching a detector of a spectrometer from a light source of the spectrometer after the light passes through a validation gas across a known path length can be collected or received. The validation gas can include an amount of an analyte compound and an undisturbed background composition that is representative of a sample gas background composition of a sample gas to be analyzed using a spectrometer. The sample gas background composition can include one or more background components. The validation verification data can be compared with stored calibration data for the spectrometer to calculate a concentration adjustment factor, and sample measurement data collected with the spectrometer can be modified using this adjustment factor to compensate for collisional broadening of a spectral peak of the analyte compound by the background components. Related methods, articles of manufacture, systems, and the like are described.

A method and system for quantifying profile characteristics of semiconductor devices, including receiving profile data for a device under evaluation and isolating from the profile data a region indicating a profile edge. The profile edge data is rotated by ninety degrees to become rotated profile edge data. The non-rotated profile edge data or rotated profile edge data is then used to calculate at least one geometric parameter describing the profile edge.

An image processing apparatus includes a condition setting unit with which a user sets a post-quantization condition. A partial decoding and decompression unit partially decodes and decompresses coded data according to the post-quantization condition set by the user, thereby reproducing image data the same as that reproduced by decoding and decompressing coded data after post-quantization processing in accordance with the post-quantization condition. An image data displaying unit displays on a display unit the image data reproduced by the partial decoding and decompression unit.