3273 results about "Code word" patented technology

A referenceless self-clocking (n,k) bar code word allows conveyance of information without the need of any start and/or stop code pattern or other reference; a code word pattern is repeated at least in part without space therebetween according to a given n,k coding convention so that any k pair of adjacent data code elements sensed by any sensing means according to the n,k coding convention will consist of n units (e.g., bar code modules), thus allowing the data code elements of the code word to be decoded most accurately without any reference pattern. One application of this coding is on round or cylindrical objects like coins, casino chips and the like, and this coding is also well suited for linear or other coding applications wanting to convey coded information without the use of a start/stop code or reference pattern using n,k coding. This coding may or mayn't include error control, for example, as disclosed herein.

A method and a circuit system for checking an m out of n code are provided. The method uses a code checker, to which at least one code reducer is assigned, a reduction of the code word width to in each case half being carried out using the at least one code reducer until a 1 out of x (x=n/2, n/4, n/8 . . . ) code or another code which is not reducible further in this way is provided, each step of the code reducer additionally being connected to different bits of a counter, the 1 out of x code or the code which is not further reducible being checked and additionally the signal pairs of each step being checked.

Data stored in non-volatile storage is decoded using iterative probabilistic decoding. An error correcting code such as a low density parity check code may be used. In one approach, initial reliability metrics, such as logarithmic likelihood ratios, are used in decoding sensed states of a set of non-volatile storage element. The decoding attempts to converge by adjusting the reliability metrics for bits in code words which represent the sensed state. Soft data bits are read from the memory if the decoding fails to converge. Initial reliability metric values are provided after receiving the hard read results and at each phase of the soft bit operation(s). In one embodiment, a second soft bit is read from the memory using multiple subsets of soft bit compare levels. While reading at the second subset of compare levels, decoding can be performed based on the first subset data.

A communications transceiver for transmitting and receiving coded communications, with the coding corresponding to a low-density parity check code, is disclosed. A set of available code word lengths and code rates are to be supported by the transceiver. These available code word lengths and code rates are implemented as a subset of starting code word lengths, which are length-reduced by shortening and puncturing selected bit positions in the starting code word length to attain the desired one of the available code word lengths and code rates. The bit positions to be shortened and punctured are selected in a manner that avoids interference between the shortened and punctured bit positions, and that attains excellent code performance.

Data stored in non-volatile storage is decoded using iterative probabilistic decoding and multiple read operations to achieve greater reliability. An error correcting code such as a low density parity check code may be used. In one approach, initial reliability metrics, such as logarithmic likelihood ratios, are used in decoding read data of a set of non-volatile storage element. The decoding attempts to converge by adjusting the reliability metrics for bits in code words which represent the sensed state. If convergence does not occur, e.g., within a set time period, the state of the non-volatile storage element is sensed again, current values of the reliability metrics in the decoder are adjusted, and the decoding again attempts to converge. In another approach, the initial reliability metrics are based on multiple reads. Tables which store the reliability metrics and adjustments based on the sensed states can be prepared before decoding occurs.

The invention relates to a DCI (Downlink Control Information) sending method, system and device as well as an transmission uplink method, system and device, relating to the technical field of wireless communication and aiming at solving the problem that a network side is difficult to dispatch a user terminal to carry out uplink transmission because the traditional DCI does not support an LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) system in the prior art. The DCI sending method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps that: the network side generates the DCI used for dispatching the uplink transmission; the network side sends the generated DCI, wherein the DCI comprises the following information: resource indication information, modulation indication information, data indication information, mapping indication information and precoding indication information, wherein the resource indication information is used for indicating the positions of allocated resources; the modulation indication information is used for indicating a modulation coding order of a transmission block; the data indication information is used for indicating whether the transmission block transmits new data or not; the mapping indication information is used for indicating the corresponding relationship of the transmission block and a code word; and the precoding indication information is used for indicating the size of an uplink transmission order and an index of a used precoding code word. The DCI sending method can be used for enhancing the efficiency of the uplink transmission.

A linear turbo-equalizer for use in a CDMA receiver equalizes a despread received signal (rather than the spread received signal) to suppress self-interference resulting from coupling between transmitted symbols. In an example implementation, a linear equalizer based on a generalized-Rake (G-Rake) receiver design uses decoder feedback in forming Rake combining weights as well as in forming a self-interference estimate removed from the equalizer signal provided to the decoder. Preferably, turbo de-coding is also performed. In that case, each turbo-decoder component preferably executes one pass before feeding back information to the equalizer. This ensures that the turbo-decoder does not prematurely lock onto an incorrect code word before feeding back extrinsic information to the equalizer.

A system and method for communicating information in a wireless cooperative relay network of nodes, the nodes including a source, a set of relays, and a destination. The source broadcasts a code word encoded as a data stream using a rateless code. The relays receive the data stream, decode the data stream to recover the code word, and reencode and transmit the recovered code word as the data stream with the rateless code. The destination receives and decodes the reencoded data streams to recover the code word.

The invention provides a pre-coding method for an MIMO (multi-input multi-output) system of 8 transmitting antennas. A dual code text is adopted in the method, and the dual code text is determined by selectively succeeding partial code words of LTE (long term evolution) and then performing certain extension. The method for pre-coding by using the dual code text reduces the feedback overhead of the system, acquires good performance gain, and is suitable for a multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) system.

Data stored in non-volatile storage is decoded using iterative probabilistic decoding. An error correcting code such as a low density parity check code may be used. In one approach, initial reliability metrics, such as logarithmic likelihood ratios, are used in decoding sensed states of a set of non-volatile storage element. The decoding attempts to converge by adjusting the reliability metrics for bits in code words which represent the sensed state. Soft data bits are read from the memory if the decoding fails to converge. Initial reliability metric values are provided after receiving the hard read results and at each phase of the soft bit operation(s). In one embodiment, a second soft bit is read from the memory using multiple subsets of soft bit compare levels. While reading at the second subset of compare levels, decoding can be performed based on the first subset data.

The present invention is a method and system which extracts, manipulates and embeds data from a compressed and standard compliant video bitstream which may be used for digital rights management, e.g. controlling access to a bitstream or for authenticating a video bitstream.

The method embeds binary data bits into compressed and standard compliant video bitstream with minimal visual artifacts. The method first parses the compressed video bitstream and locates coded blocks. The codeword C for the last triplet in the original block(RUN_c,LEVEL_c, LAST_c=1) is replaced by the VLC code word C′ for the last triplet (RUN_C,LEVEL_C, LAST_C′=0). A codeword corresponding to a triplet with LAST=1 is placed after C′ whose sign bit “s” can be either 0 or 1 and is an embedded data bit, and can be used for authentication.

A multi-turn rotary encoder that includes a first code carrier connected with an input shaft, a scanning device that scans the first code carrier and generates an absolute position of the input shaft within one revolution, and a digital code word is present at an output of the scanning device and a second code carrier for measuring the number of revolutions of the input shaft. A reduction gear is arranged between and coupled to the first and second code carriers. The second code carrier includes a magnetic body with at least one north and south pole and a substrate with a spatial arrangement of sensor elements integrated therein, which are sensitive to magnetic fields, is associated with the magnetic body. An evaluation circuit integrated into the substrate, wherein scanning signals, which are phase-shifted with respect to each other, from the sensor elements are supplied, and that the evaluation circuit combines the scanning signals in such a way that a second digital code word is present serially or in parallel at an output of the evaluation circuit. A combination logical device, which is supplied with the first and second digital code words and which forms a resultant multi-digit code word therefrom.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for separating a foreground and a background. The apparatus includes a background model creation unit for creating a code book including a plurality of code words in order to separate the foreground and the background, and a foreground/background separation unit for separating the foreground and the background using the created code book. The method includes the steps of creating a code book including a plurality of code words in order to separate the foreground and the background, rearranging the cord words of the created code book on the basis of the number of sample data that belong to each of the code words, and separating the foreground and the background using the code book.

Methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided that generate a plurality of code words representative of data to be encoded. The code words may be generated to have first and second portions with each first portion including information that is representative of a predetermined characteristic of an associated second portion and each second portion including information that is representative of a respective portion of the data. A plurality of blocks may also be defined with each block including one or more bitplanes of the second portions of the code words. The plurality of blocks may be sequenced to achieve progressive representations of the encoded content in accordance with schemes to order the data according to priority of content. Content may be provided a level of error protection commiserate with its priority.

A 2D image supplied from an image input unit including a wide view lens is sampled into a discrete form by an array sensor, and then mapped to a multi-resolution space by a 2D filter. The feature of the supplied image is detected, and then the mapped image is transformed to a local pattern about the detected feature, and then the coordinates of the position of the feature and the code word of the local pattern are formed into a set which is then encoded. The code is supplied to each cell of a stochastic automaton. The quantity of visual information is calculated in accordance with the quantity of mutual information between different cells of the stochastic automaton consisting of cells in blocks, the coordinates of the position of the feature and the distance from the feature to the optical axis so as to control the optical axis of the image input unit in such a manner that the quantity of visual information is maximized.