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A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip comprising an array of modulated sources, each providing a modulated signal output at a channel wavelength different from the channel wavelength of other modulated sources and a wavelength selective combiner having an input optically coupled to received all the signal outputs from the modulated sources and provide a combined output signal on an output waveguide from the chip. The modulated sources, combiner and output waveguide are all integrated on the same chip.

A method and apparatus for the transmission and reception of broadcasted instrumental music, vocal music, and speech using digital techniques. The data is structured in a manner similar to the current standards for MIDI data. Transmitters broadcast the data to receivers which contain internal sound generators or an interface to external sound generators that create sounds in response to the data. The invention includes transmission of multiple audio data signals for several languages on a conventional radio and television carrier through the use of low bandwidth data. Error detection and correction data is included within the transmitted data. The receiver has various error compensating mechanisms to overcome errors in data that cannot be corrected using the error correcting data that the transmitter sent. The data encodes for elemental vocal sounds and music.

Disclosed are an AC light emitting device with a long-persistent phosphor and an AC light emitting device module having the same. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the light emitting device includes a first light emitting diode chip and a second light emitting diode chip, each of which has a plurality of light emitting cells on a single substrate. Further, a first long-persistent phosphor is positioned on the first light emitting diode chip to perform wavelength conversion for a portion of light emitted from the first light emitting diode chip; and a second long-persistent phosphor is positioned on the second light emitting diode chip to perform wavelength conversion for a portion of light emitted from the second light emitting diode chip. The afterglow luminescence resulted from the second long-persistent phosphor is allowed to be different from that resulted from the first long-persistent phosphor, whereby a flicker effect of the AC light emitting device can be more alleviated.

A photovoltaic element is obtained which allows use of a low-melting solder and can suppress reduction in reliability and output thereof due to mechanical stress or water intrusion.

The photovoltaic element has a photoelectric conversion layer and a collector electrode provided on at least one surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. Characteristically, a collector electrode covering layer for covering a surface of the collector electrode is provided and a tab electrode for electrical connection to an exterior electrode is provided on a top surface of the collector electrode through the collector electrode covering layer. A portion of the collector electrode covering layer that lies between the tab electrode and collector electrode comprises a solder layer and another portion of the collector electrode covering layer that covers a lateral surface of the collector electrode comprises a thermosetting resin layer.

Devices and methods for generating encrypted data, for playing encrypted data and for re-signing originally signed encrypted data are based on the encrypted data, apart from the encrypted media information, to include the information required for decrypting the data and additionally a signature of who has generated the encrypted data. Thus the origin of the encrypted data can be traced back. In particular, passing on the encrypted data to a limited extent by the producer of the *encrypted data, for example to friends or acquaintances, is allowed, while only a mass reproduction of the encrypted data is considered as pirate copying. The pirate copier can, however, be found out with the help of the signature, wherein the signature is optionally protected by an embedded watermark signature. Because this is a concept wherein, when being used legally, only encrypted data occur, the unauthorized removal of the encryption is a statutory offence. The inventive concept makes possible finding the offender and at the same time considers ownerships of the operators with regard to a limited passing-on of media information, and thus has the potential of being accepted on the market.

An over the air repeater for enhancing wireless communication is provided. The repeater employs a system and method by which strong signals can be prevented from exceeding the repeater's uplink output limits while still providing full operational gain to any concurrently amplified weak signals, while adapting to time slot variations and optionally to frequency hopping variations. Power measurements are performed on each channel with resultant gain changes being performed on delayed versions of those same signals. Digital delay buffers are used to provide adequate processing time to make an accurate determination of the uplink signal levels of each RF carrier. The repeater alternatively monitors the downlink path from the donor base station to determine the frequencies to be processed on the uplink communication.

An object of the present invention is to enable appropriate switching among a plurality of modes including a cellular communication mode and an RFID information receiving function. A communication system is comprised of an RFID configured to transmit predetermined ID information of its own, a server capable of being connected to a cellular communication network, and an aggregation point for aggregating information from the RFID. In the communication system, the aggregation point, which is comprised of a mobile communication terminal or the like, is provided with an ID receiver for receiving ID information from an RFID, and a cellular communication part for performing cellular communication via the cellular communication network. Furthermore, the aggregation point is provided with a new mode controller for receiving a switching signal for switching among a plurality of modes including the cellular communication mode and the RFID information receiving function from the server, and for performing a mode switching control based on the received switching signal.

A vehicle generator control system detects a time point at which an electrical load is to be disconnected from the generator output, with the detection being achieved prior to that disconnection time point, and initiates a lowering of the generated current of the generator by an amount equal to the load current of that electrical load. The generated current of the generator is thereby reduced, by the time of the disconnection, to a value whereby substantially no voltage spike is produced in the generator output voltage.

a) Predicting, by conversation information, context patterns that can possibly occur in future, evaluating the predicted context patterns according to the rating criteria, b) selecting a system message which is to be output next among a highly evaluated context pattern, and outputting the system message, c) selecting at least one user message that is among the user messages correspond to the system message and that is included in the conversation information, and outputting the user message, d) accepting selection of any one of the user message, e) deciding the next position of a marker that shows current topic according to the selected user message, f) repeating the step a) to e).

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip comprising an array of modulated sources, each providing a modulated signal output at a channel wavelength different from the channel wavelength of other modulated sources and a wavelength selective combiner having an input optically coupled to received all the signal outputs from the modulated sources and provide a combined output signal on an output waveguide from the chip. The modulated sources, combiner and output waveguide are all integrated on the same chip.

To provide an audio-video data synchronization method whereby an increase in the amount of control message transmission can be suppressed and the video output can be prevented from being interrupted. The audio-video data synchronization method includes: obtaining, by the audio output device, a first latency that is a period of time taken for the video output device to output the video, by receiving the display identification data that includes information indicating the first latency from the video output device when the indication of the connection validity status information changes from Invalid to Valid; adjusting, by the audio output device, timing of outputting the audio according to the first latency; obtaining, by the video output device, a second latency which is a period of time taken to output the video in the outputting; notifying the audio output device of the second latency by sending a control message from the video output device when the connection validity status information indicates Valid, the control message including information that indicates the second latency obtained in the obtaining of a second latency; and adjusting, by the audio output device, timing of outputting the audio according to the second latency.

A fluorescent image obtainment apparatus includes a light illumination means (130, 150) that illuminates a region to be observed with illumination-light and excitation-light at the same time, and an imaging means (110) that captures an image composed of light reflected from the region illuminated with the illumination-light and an image composed of fluorescence output from the region illuminated with the excitation-light. Further, the apparatus includes an image processing means (170) that produces an ordinary image based on the image of the reflection light and a fluorescent image based on the image of fluorescence, and a light amount control means (186) that controls the light amount of the illumination-light so that a representative luminance value of the ordinary image becomes a predetermined luminance value and the light amount of the excitation-light so that the ratio of the light amount of the excitation-light to that of the illumination-light becomes a predetermined ratio.

A class-D amplifier for pulse-width-modulating an analog input signal to output a pulse-width-modulated signal, includes: a differentiating circuit for differentiating the pulse-width-modulated signal of the class-D amplifier; and a negative feedback circuit for feeding back the differentiated signal of the differentiating circuit to an input side of the class-D amplifier in a negative feedback manner.

The present invention relates to an optical sender applicable to WDM (wavelength division multiplexing), and a primary object of the present invention is to prevent interchannel crosstalk in WDM. The optical sender includes a light source for outputting a light beam, an optical modulator for modulating the light beam in accordance with a main signal to output an optical signal, and a unit for shutting down the optical signal when receiving at least one of a power alarm relating to on/off of power supply and a wavelength alarm relating to the wavelength of the light beam.

The invention provides a constant-temperature gas heater control method and a constant-temperature gas heater. The constant-temperature gas heater comprises a main control panel, a heat exchanger, a combuster, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and further comprises a bypass pipe. The bypass pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, and is provided with a bypass water server. An outlet of the heat exchanger is provided with a first temperature sensor. An outlet of the water outlet pipe is provided with a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the bypass water server are respectively in electric connection with the main control panel. The bypass pipe is arranged between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the bypass pipe is provided with the bypass water server, and the main control panel controls the bypass water server to operate to adjust water flow of the bypass pipe according to temperature information collected by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, so the water outflowing temperature of the water outlet pipe is constant, the situation that hot water at exceedingly high temperature is output is avoided, the water outflowing temperature of the constant-temperature gas heater is constant, and comfort and safety of the constant-temperature gas heater are improved.