212 results about "Quadrat" patented technology

The invention discloses a grassland satellite remote sensing monitoring system and a grassland satellite remote sensing monitoring method. The system comprises a grassland growth potential monitoring module, a grassland grass yield monitoring module and a grass-livestock balance monitoring module, wherein the grassland growth potential monitoring module is used for acquiring a grassland normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a grassland growth index (GI) by processing data of a satellite remote sensing moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) in different periods according to the relation between remote sensing information and the condition of grassland vegetation on the ground to reflect the growth potential of the grassland vegetation; the grassland grass yield monitoring module is used for establishing a grass yield estimating model by combining yield measuring data of ground quadrats according to the information of the satellite remote sensing MODIS and inverting the grass yield of grasslands according to the data of the remote sensing MODIS; and the grass-livestock balance monitoring module is used for estimating the grass-livestock balance condition by combining the current grass yield, foraged grass yield and replenished forage grass of natural grasslands according to the grass yield acquired by the grassland grass yield monitoring module.

The invention relates to a method and a system for quantitatively estimating carbon reserves of a native coastal wetland ecosystem. The method comprises the following steps: completing native coastalwetland mapping by adopting multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing data; obtaining native coastal wetland soil and vegetation samples by adopting a traditional sample plot and quadrat investigation method, and realizing soil carbon reserve space inversion by adopting a geographically weighted regression method; adopting a remote sensing technology to realize biomass inversion of the nativecoastal wetland, and combining a biomass carbon coefficient to realize vegetation carbon reserve estimation of the native coastal wetland; and finally, estimating the carbon reserves of the native coastal wetland by combining the soil carbon reserves and the vegetation carbon reserves. The system and the method break through the limitation that the previous research on the native coastal wetlandis only limited to the estimation of experimental points, greatly improve the estimation precision of the carbon reserves, realize the intuitive and reliable analysis of the spatial heterogeneity andreserves of the carbon reserves, and can provide a scientific basis for the carbon cycle research of an ecological system.

The invention discloses a county-level crop planting area remote sensing statistic sampling survey scheme design method. Multi-period up-to-date GF-1 16-meter-width images are adopted as a data source; a decision tree classification method is constructed to perform automatic interpretation, so that the spatial distribution condition of crops in a research area can be obtained; with the spatial distribution data of the crops adopted as a sampling population, on the basis of the arable land area and crop planting scale of the research area, a PPS sampling method is adopted to select a general survey region; various sample unit sizes and various sample unit quantities are designed in the selected general survey region, the quadrat unit sizes, quadrat sample unit quantities, sampling methods and calculation methods are combined randomly, the calculation results of the statistic sampling survey schemes of different combinations are compared with the planting area of target crops which is obtained through the data interpretation of GF-2 0.8-meter-resolution images; and analysis is performed according to the overall sampling accuracy, sampling stability and minimum sample capacity of result data, and a remote sensing statistic sampling survey scheme most suitable for the target crops of the research area can be obtained.

The invention discloses a crop disaster situation loss assessment method based on remote-sensing sampling, which comprises the steps of: (1) acquiring remote-sensing data and pre-processing the remote-sensing data; (2) designing a remote-sensing sampling scheme; (3) investigating disaster situation of a sampled quadrat; (4) and estimating total area of affected crops and affected crop area of each grade, and carrying out precision analysis and assessment. The crop disaster situation loss assessment method based on remote-sensing sampling is high in efficiency of disaster situation loss assessment at low investigation cost, and can provide a basis for the comparison of disaster situation degrees between different disaster types and different regions.

The invention belongs to the technical field of the laser radar remote sensing technology and particularly provides a method for extracting a vegetation canopy aggregation degree index based on the three-dimensional laser point cloud. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the remote sensing technology is adopted to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of a vegetation quadrat canopy. Through the processes of constructing a three-dimensional volume element model, converting a coordinate system, calculating a canopy clearance rate and the like, a method for extracting the vegetation canopy aggregation degree index based on ground high-resolution laser point cloud data is established. Based on the method, the vegetation canopy aggregation degree index can be quickly and accurately extracted, and the data acquisition is simple and convenient. Meanwhile, the process is not influenced by the lighting condition during observation. During the study, the pixel scale factor of satellite remote sensing data or products is not taken into consideration. Moreover, no adverse effect on vegetation structure and radiation characteristics exists. At the same time, the three-dimensional structural features of a vegetation sample can be permanently recorded. The method is simple, convenient and efficient, and does not have side effects on vegetation. The calculated amount is greatly reduced compared with the prior art.

The invention discloses a large scale crop plant area vehicle-carrying investigation process and a system thereof, which comprises the matching of GPS position information and a GIS map, the matching of GPS position information and images, the decision of crop longitudinal plant width, the storage and extraction of the images, the grid algorism of the images, the identification of crop species, the storage of GPS position information and the various crops plant information and the calculation of various crops plant area and plant quotas. The process and the system can realize the drawing of vehicle navigation and path line through the GPS position information, measure the shooting angle of a camera through a dip angle sensor and control the quadrat width of a sampling, realize the video storage of the sampling and the single-frame extraction of a to-be-identified image through the image collection, and increase the real-time and the accurate ratio of identification through the grid algorism of the images, and automatically calculate the plant areas of various large scale crops through the crop identification. The system provides three ways of hand-held function, automatic function and the video playback function to calculate the plant area of crops and the plant quota.

A portable artificial rainfall simulation device is composed of a water power device, a rainfall shower, a bracket, a quadrat device and a soil water monitoring device. The rainfall shower is fixed on the top of the bracket and is placed right over the quadrat device; the rainfall shower is connected to a pressure meter, a flowmeter, an artificial pressure pump and a bucket in the water power device through a water pipe of the water power device; a quadrat frame in the quadrat device is embedded into a soil quadrat; the quadrat frame has three closed faces, and one opening face in seamless integration with a collecting groove in the device; a rain cover completely covers the collecting groove; a counting cup is below a water outlet end of the collecting groove; a soil water sensor in the soil water monitoring device is connected with an HOBO collector in the device through a network port type socket; and the HOBO collector and a notebook computer are connected through an HOBO data line. The portable artificial rainfall simulation device has scientific design and simple structure, and enhances adaptability of the device in field, thus providing technical guarantee for conducting a large number of experiments and acquiring experimental data in the field.

The invention relates to a method for investigating lake benthophyte. The method comprises the steps of collecting and generating an image of the measuring area of a lake by using a double-frequency identification sonar, calculating the coverage degree of the benthophyte in the measuring area according to the image, conducting quadrat measurement for the measuring area to obtain the types of the benthophyte, the proportion of different types of benthophyte and the fresh weight density in the quadrat, obtaining the biomass of the benthophyte of a certain type in the measuring area by the totalarea of the measuring area * the coverage degree of the benthophyte in the measuring area * the fresh weight density in the quadrat * the proportion of the benthophyte of the type in the quadrat basedon the coverage degree of the benthophyte in the measuring area and the types of the benthophyte, the proportion of different types of benthophyte and the fresh weight density in the quadrat, and then obtaining the biomass of different types of benthophyte in the measuring area. The lake ecological investigation efficiency and the result accuracy can be improved. The method can be widely appliedto the investigation, treatment, and repair of the lake ecological environment.

The invention discloses a measuring apparatus of the coverage and partial coverage of a herbage sample area. The measuring apparatus includes a quadrat frame used for determining a herbage quadrat; and a punch block used to be mounted on the quadrat frame. In measurement, the coverage and partial coverage of the herbage sample area are calculated according to the record of plant species names at the needle fall point on the punch block. The measuring apparatus of the coverage and partial coverage of a herbage sample area is simple in manufacture, convenient in carrying, easy in operation, exact in measuring result and wide in application range and plays a positive auxiliary role in the research of biodiversity, especially the biodiversity of herbosa.

The invention provides a method for quantitatively describing the forest clustering effect through three-dimensional point cloud data, which belongs to the research field of vegetation remote sensinginversion parameter methods. The method comprises the steps that three-dimensional point cloud data of the forest canopy in different modes are acquired, wherein a single station hemispherical mode and a multi-station mode are included; hemispherical slicing is carried out on the point cloud data acquired in the single station hemispherical mode to acquire pore size distribution in a dip or azimuth mode, and directional slicing is carried out on the point cloud data acquired in the multi-station mode to acquire the pore size distribution in any direction; according to the pore size distribution and a CC method, the arbitrary position omega-2 of a forest quadrat is acquired; for the coniferous forest, omega-1 is calculated based on the point cloud data of a cluster; and finally the forest canopy element aggregation index omega= omega-2 / omega-1 is acquired. Compared with the canopy omega calculated by a traditional optical instrument, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of high accuracy and high applicability, is not affected by the light environment, scattered radiation and penumbra effect, and can invert omega at any position and time in a forest.

The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method of aquatic plant species for repairing eutrophication water. The quantitative evaluation method comprises the following steps: A, index screening, namely screening to-be-invested water physical and chemical indexes according to eutrophication water characteristics; B, field investigation, namely investing rivers or lakes by adopting a conventional method in a representative region range, recording names of all the aquatic plant species in a quadrat, collecting water samples, and determining physical index of water; C, standard non-dimension disposal calculation, namely classifying the aquatic plants into submerged plants, floating-leaved plants and emergent aquatic plants according to ecotypes, and calculating standard non-dimension disposal data of physical and chemical indexes of water to which each species corresponds according to ecotypes; D, weight giving and total standard deviation calculation, namely giving weight to the physical and chemical indexes, and calculating the general average and total standard deviation of the non-dimension disposal data of each species; E, sorting and quantitative evaluation. The quantitative evaluation method is simple and convenient to operate, fast and accurate, meets the wetland rejuvenation of the rivers, lakes and the like and can be used for promoting the high-efficiency restoration of wetland ecological environments and configuration of functional groups.

The invention provides a method for utilizing an aviation laser point cloud to calculate an effective leaf area index, and belongs to the research field of a forest canopy structure parameter obtaining method. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining and preprocessing three-dimensional laser point cloud data of a vegetation canopy; obtaining quadrat scale point cloud data having no ground point cloud data but having a ground height by means of a digital landform model; carrying out three-dimensional meshing on the point cloud data; under different scanning angles, respectively obtaining directional porosities directional extinction coefficients and directional effective leaf area indexes; and according to the effective leaf area index obtained under each scanning angle and the weight of the angle, obtaining the forest canopy effective leaf area index. Compared with other leaf area index calculating methods, the influences of scanning angle information on the directional porosities, the extinction coefficients and the effective leaf area indexes are fully considered; the canopy structure and the radiation characteristics are not destroyed, and the method is objective, effective and precise; in addition, the method for extracting a three-dimensional structure and biophysical diversity information from laser radar data is further developed.

The invention discloses a geological radar detection method for karst non-continuity soil and rock distribution. The geological radar detection method includes the steps that A, a rectangular quadrat in a region to be detected is selected to remove plants on the surface of soil in the quadrat; Bmeasuring lines are arranged at equal intervals in the quadrat; C, a crooked chisel is inserted into the soil to preliminarily detect the soil depth range in the quadrat; D, the model of a ground penetrating radar is MALA-ProEx; E, the measuring lines are selected to measure; F, GPR data on all the measuring lines in the quadrat are obtained; G, soil texture is measured by the adoption of an aerometer method according to S-type distribution points in the quadrat; H, the category and water content of the soil texture are measured; J, according to a relational expression, electromagnetic wave speed is calculated; K, the GPR data of all the measuring lines and the electromagnetic wave speed in the quadrat are input into 3D software, so that a three-dimensional image of soil and rock distribution in the quadrat is obtained. The method used for detecting soil and rock distribution is high in precision, visual in reflection, rapid, free of damage and wide in application range.

The invention discloses a detection method for determining group III nitride single crystal surface dislocation type and counting density of different dislocations by accurate positioning of an atomic force microscope, belonging to the semiconductor material quality check field. The aim of the invention is realized by the following steps: a detection region is marked, the atomic force microscope is utilized to test the surface topography of the marked region, a sample is corroded for a plurality of times and the same marked detection region is tested repeatedly by the atomic force microscope after corrosion each time, corrosion rate of each corrosion dislocation pit is obtained by counting after a plurality of times of corrosions and tests, corresponding dislocation type is judged, thus counting density of different dislocations. The invention breaks through the traditional dislocation detection method by a transmission electron microscope, has simple quadrat method, accurate and efficient dislocation type determination, not only can be used in quality check of various semiconductor materials in industry to promote the development of group III nitride base photoelectric devices in photoelectric industry, but also can be applied to scientific research on film material dislocation corrosion kinetics.

The invention discloses a wetland rejuvenation method for shell dikes of the yellow river delta by utilizing plants. The wetland rejuvenation method comprises following steps: adopting a survey method for belt transects and quadrats to measure an altitude in a selected wetland rejuvenation plot; record topographic and geomorphic conditions the sealand distance, sea wave erosion and human disturbance probability; collecting soil and measuring physicochemical properties of soil, and counting above features by utilization of a CCA order; dividing areas based on habitat conditions of selected wetland rejuvenation plots; screening adaptive plants and adaptive restoration species in all habitat areas; eliminating plants with importance value less than five and ordering remaining species in a CCA order; and selecting adaptive plants in all habitat areas and recovering plants by zoned plantation. The wetland rejuvenation method for shell dikes of the yellow river delta by utilizing plants has following beneficial effects: by following the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, targeted investigations are made on wetland regions; the problem of vegetation degradation in shell dikes of the yellow river delta is effectively solved; and the wetland rejuvenation method is high in operability, low in cost and maintenance cost and obvious in landscaping and ecological functions and has great social benefit and environmental benefit.

The invention provides a leaf area index measuring method and system. The leaf area index measuring method comprises the steps of obtaining images of collected leaves in a quadrat, obtaining the areas of all the leaves collected in the quadrat according to the images of the collected leaves, obtaining the images of the residual leaves in the quadrat, obtaining the areas of the residual leaves in the quadrat according to the images of the residual leaves, adding the areas of all the collected leaves to the areas of the residual leaves to obtain the leaf total area A in the quadrat. Thus, the leaf total area obtained by adding the areas of all the collected leaves to the areas of the residual leaves is basically equal to the areas of all the leaves in the quadrat, then a leaf area index LAI of the quadrat is obtained according to a formula LAI=A / S, the accuracy is improved correspondingly, and S is the area of the quadrat.

The invention discloses a portable field manual simulation rainfall device which comprises a bracket formed by mutually welding circular tubes, wherein the bracket is integrally of a cuboid structure, support frames extend out of the top surface of the bracket respectively towards two sides in a mirror image manner, one layer of three-dimensional inverted trapezoidal weather cloth is sleeved outside the bracket, the bottom of the bracket is vertically fixed on a base, the bottom edge of the weather cloth is fixed on a frame of the base, the base is integrally of a right-triangle-shaped boxing structure, a runoff pipe communicated with the inside of the base is arranged at the bottom of the base, a nozzle bracket is arranged on one sides of the bracket and the base, a water pipe is fixed on the nozzle bracket, and the upper end of the water pipe is integrally connected with a water outlet pipe through a flange ring. The portable field manual simulation rainfall device adopts a circular rainfall manner and extremely less in water consumption, and has the advantages that accurate rainfall is realized in a small quadrat without influencing quadrats tightly adjacent around the quadrat, runoff can be synchronously collected, raininess and rainfall capacity can be regulated, the device is light, and the convenience in maintenance, carrying and installation can be achieved; the cost is low, and the popularization in the field is facilitated.

The invention relates to a diversity investigation and sampling method of a plant community of the wetland. The method comprises steps as follows: an investigation point is selected according to different wetland types in the following modes; belt transects and quadrats are set; investigation content is determined. According to the diversity investigation and sampling method of the plant communityof the wetland, targeted sample point selection, belt transect setting and quadrat setting methods are designed according to different types of wetland such as rivers, reservoir ponds, lakes, swamp and the like. The diversity data of plants can be obtained with the method, and the relation between the environment factor gradient and plant diversity can also be represented.

The invention relates to a method for quickly measuring grassland productivity. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting fixed quadrats, namely arranging 10 fixed quadrats on sample land capable of representing natural grassland vegetation characteristics or on southern and northern slopes according to upper, middle and lower slope directions; after forage grasses turn green, dotting the forage grasses by a GPS (global position system), arranging the fixed quadrats, and making a remarkable mark for each quadrat by angle iron or a wood stick; (2) monitoring the grassland productivity, namely firstly estimating dry green part weight, dry standing dead matter weight and dry litter weight of all forage grasses in the fixed quadrats, secondly estimating a cover degree, thirdly sorting the dry weights in the fixed quadrats, fourthly measuring actual biomasses, namely measuring random quadrats to obtain actual measurement values of the dry litter weight, the dry green part weight and the dry standing dead matter weight respectively, and fifthly building a regression model and correcting according to a fitting degree R2 until R2 is more than 0.8. The method is quick, accurate and efficient, and can be used for achieving the purpose of continuously monitoring grassland for a long term.

The invention discloses a method for collecting information of underground pores and cracks and soil of karst. The method comprises the steps of arranging and selecting of sample points, setting of the sizes and the quantity of quadrats, an underground pores (cracks) morphological characteristics collection method and indexes, a soil sample collection method, an underground pores (cracks) soil collection method and an underground pores (cracks) soil sample collection order. Underground pores (cracks) morphological characteristics and soil samples are collected by using tools, such as a geologic compass, a leveling rod, a 5m tape and a cutting ring which are low in cost and simple in operation. The collection method has controllability and operability, and has the advantages of being comprehensive, reliable and high in practical application value; meanwhile, the problem that asymmetric collection of the underground pores (cracks) morphological characteristics of the karst and the soil samples at present can be solved. The method can play an important promoting role in research of water and soil losses of karst regions and the soil occurrence characteristics of the underground pores (cracks).

The invention provides a method and device for estimating the ecological underground water level of an arid plain area. The method comprises the steps: constructing typical quadrat division on the arid plain area to be studied, and obtaining environmental factors; constructing a land surface vegetation coverage remote sensing quantitative inversion model according to the satellite remote sensing image data and the environmental elements in the historical period of the arid plain area to be studied; extracting satellite remote sensing image data of a target point in the arid plain area to be studied in each historical period, and performing vegetation coverage inversion by utilizing the constructed land surface vegetation coverage remote sensing quantitative inversion model to obtain vegetation coverage of the target point in the historical period; and collecting the underground water burial depth of the target point in the corresponding historical period, establishing a relationship between the vegetation coverage of the target point and the underground water burial depth according to the underground water burial depth in the same historical period and the vegetation coverage obtained by inversion, and determining the ecological underground water level of the target point according to the established relationship. The estimation precision of the ecological underground water level in the arid plain area can be improved.

The embodiment of the invention provides a grassland vegetation degradation remote sensing monitoring method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the vegetation coverage and baresand area ratio of a grassland based on remote sensing data, and obtaining the biomass of the grassland based on the remote sensing data and ground quadrat data; and obtaining the grassland vegetationcomprehensive index GVSI based on the vegetation coverage, the bare sand area ratio and the weight coefficient of the biomass when reflecting the grassland vegetation condition. Multi-factor indexessuch as vegetation coverage, biomass and bare sand area ratio of the grassland are comprehensively considered, and the vegetation degradation condition of the grassland is more comprehensively reflected; the problems of low precision and poor stability of grassland degradation remote sensing monitoring evaluation carried out by a single factor are avoided; the calculated degradation level is smallin comparison error with the field investigation degradation level, multiple factors are integrated, evaluation is more efficient and more reliable, and application and popularization are facilitated.

The invention provides a method for measuring the soil denitrification contribution rate of soil microbes. The method comprises the following steps: picking a sample field in an ecological system, in the sample field, adopting a wild quincunx sampling method to pick 10 small units, carrying out a root breaking and litter removing treatment, entrenching around each small unit, inserting fiber glass to prevent inward growing of root, filling the soil back to the trenches; at the same time, cleaning the litters on the ground, fixing a nylon screen frame above each small unit to ensure that no root or litter exists in the small units; finally utilizing a 15 N isotope direct measuring method, which has a high sensitivity and does not need to disturb the soil, to measure the denitrification rate of in-situ processed soil in a small quadrat in the field, at the same time, measuring the denitrification rate of soil in a reference quadrat, and according to a fitting equation, calculating the soil denitrification contribution rate of soil microbes. The provided method has an important meaning for the research that whole soil microflora participates in global biochemical nitrogen circulation.

The invention discloses a method for analyzing the underground leakage of soil in a karst region. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of typical observation points in a study area; setting one quadrat at each observation point, and drawing a line marker at the contact of a rock interface and a soil surface; carrying out a soil sample collection technology in a "soil layer + rock-soil interface" manner, measuring the soil layer creep displacement with the drawn line marker as a reference point according to the time scale required by the study, which is individual rainfall, month, season or year, after the soil leakage; collecting a soil sample after the leakage or study period, and analyzing the soil particle composition of the soil sample; carrying out a traditional technology which is a pipette technology or a laser particle size technology; and analyzing the creep displacement and the leakage of the soil. The creep displacement of crack soil in the karst region and the mass fraction change of the particle size grades of soil particles are analyzed by combining line marker drawing with the soil particle analysis-pipette technology in order to reveal theunderground leakage process of the soil in the karst region.

The invention discloses a method and system for estimating the carbon sink amount of an urban green land system. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a multivariate regression equation of the carbon sink amount of trees and shrubs and influence factors of tree height, crown breadth, diameter at breast height and vertical projection area; through sampling field measurement, obtaining vegetation data including tree height, diameter at breast height, crown breadth and vertical projection area of arbor, shrub and grass; calculating the carbon sink amount in each quadrat by using an existing method; obtaining relevant parameters through scheme index query, multivariate regression analysis of measured data and quadrat carbon sink quantity and the like; and substituting related parameters of different green land types into the multiple regression equation to obtain the urban green land system carbon sink amount of overall planning, and performing visual presentation. The invention provides the method with high operability for estimating the carbon sink quantity of the overall planning layer green land under the scale of the urban built-up area.

The invention discloses a quantitative sampler for macrophytes. A using method comprises the following steps of: allowing a user to stand on a sampling boat during sampling, and sleeving eight directional bending pipes and a bending pipe with a blade into two sliding quadrat frames which are parallel to the water surface and keep a certain distance (more than or equal to 5cm) from each other; extending the eight directional bending pipes and the bending pipe with the blade to the bottom of a lake, upwards pulling T-shaped solid connecting rods in the directional bending pipes, and clamping clamp handles of the T-shaped connecting rods on the outer edges of steel pipes with hollow upper parts; upwards pulling a I-shaped connecting rod, clamping a clamp handle of the I-shaped connecting rod on a bendable sheet, and rotating the I-shaped connecting rod 360 degrees; and finally, upwards pulling a rope handle to lift the device, cutting off samples which are positioned outside the slidable quadrat frames by using scissors, and collecting aquatic plant samples in quadrats. The device can solve the problem that the ordinary sampler cannot take samples in spreading and expansion areas of the macrophytes, has a simple structure, is convenient to assemble and easy to operate, is low in cost, and can ensure the accuracy of sampling areas.

The invention provides a method for performing long-term monitoring of dynamic change of a sand vegetation diversity in western mining areas. The method comprises steps of determining the range and boundary of a to-be-investigated region; determining quadrat numbers, selecting placement points of a quadrat, determining the size and shape of the quadrat, laying a permanent monitoring point at the four corners of each quadrat, numbering, recording corresponding coordinate positions, drawing paper, monitoring the permanent monitoring points inside the quadrat, recording biology species and numbers of each monitoring point, gathering statistics and investigating the change of the biology species and numbers inside each quadrat every time to calculate the statistics indictors of biology rich indictors, the diversity index, the evenness index and the ecological dominance inside the quadrat and comparing the dynamic change rule of the vegetation diversity of the quadrat at different time periods. According to the method, the influence factors of the terrain, the landform, original vegetations and soil conditions of experimental sample regions in the western mining areas are considered comprehensively, the quadrat positions and numbers are laid reasonably, and the permanent quadrats are set up.

The invention relates to a method of identifying an urban function area integrated with population density and landscape structure. For the method of identifying an urban function area integrated with population density and landscape structure, the used data is mainly the village-level population statistical data and the land utilization data. The processing process of the method of identifying an urban function area integrated with population density and landscape structure includes the steps: a, selecting a typical road as an urban expansion axis and setting a sampling band and a quadrat; b, extracting the population density and land utilization type information of the quadrat; and c, integrating population density with landscape structure to identify an urban function area, such as an urban center area, a peripheral area and an outer suburban district. Based on the relation between urban land utilization and the landscape function, the method of identifying an urban function area integrated with population density and landscape structure can identify the urban function area by calculating the population density and an urban landscape index, thus being helpful for scientifically learning about the internal structure of a city, and promoting reasonable planning and functional configuration of the city.

The invention discloses a laser measuring instrument for coverage of grass land vegetations. The laser measuring instrument comprises a main body crossbeam and a support vertical rod, wherein a plurality of laser lamps are mounted on one side, facing towards the ground, of the main body crossbeam at equal intervals; and the support vertical rod and the main body crossbeam are fixed through a U-shaped 360-degree rotating clamp at the centers of the support vertical rod and the main body crossbeam and can be arranged in vertical and horizontal manners or at any included angle through the U-shaped 360-degree rotating clamp. By virtue of simple construction, the equidistant projection of laser to the ground is realized; by observing the number of light spots directly emitting plant bodies, the total coverage of the land vegetations can be calculated, and the species coverage (division coverage) of the plants can be also calculated. The laser measuring instrument has the beneficial effects that a testing method is simple, a calculation method is simple and convenient, and a single quadrat can be repeatedly measured by the rotating the main body crossbeam; the time and the labor are saved; the projections of laser beams are clear and can be identified by naked eyes, so that the subjective arbitrary is eliminated, and the measuring efficiency and accuracy are effectively improved; and the laser measuring instrument laser measuring instrument is simple in structure, easy to assemble and disassemble and convenient to carry.

The invention provides a degraded alpine meadow grazing forbidding recovery effect evaluation method, and relates to the technical field of alpine meadow grazing forbidding recovery effect evaluation.According to the method, a network analysis method is introduced, quadrat investigation and community analysis methods are combined, and the alpine meadow ecosystem structure and function are comprehensively evaluated by comparing community structure similarity, key species, community network connectivity, clustering degree and productivity of healthy alpine meadows and grazing forbidding alpinemeadows. The recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow after forbidding grazing is accurately evaluated. The method can solve the problems that the grazing forbidding age limit of the degraded alpine meadow sis not clear and a reasonable recovery effect evaluation method is lacked, can avoid biochemical succession in the alpine meadow caused by overlong grazing forbidding age limit on the basis of recovering the degraded alpine meadows, fully utilizes grassland resources, and achieves a multi-win effect.