66 results about "Muzzle velocity" patented technology

A microprocessor circuit that is used to monitor and control a firearm. The microprocessor circuit accomplishes this by monitoring various sensor & control inputs, and acting on these inputs to execute user defined functions. The microprocessor circuit can use the sensory input to determine firearm statistics. These statistics can include the number of times the firearm has been shot, the efficiency of the firearm automatic action, range-to-target, and et cetera. The firearm system can also use a combination of sensors to fabricate a bullet chronograph whereby the muzzle velocity of a cartridge can be determined. These statistics can be date-stamped and recorded into memory. Statistics from Law Enforcement firearms can be used for courtroom evidence and police reporting. These statistics can also be used for firearm maintenance and warranty repair. The microprocessor circuit can display the statistical data to the user via simple light emitting diodes, or sophisticated liquid crystal displays. Data can also be downloaded to a computer docking station as well. The microprocessor circuit can also display the information within the optics of a riflescope. When used in conjunction with a laser range finder sensor, the microprocessor circuit can adjust the electronic cross-hairs (reticle) to compensate for the bullet trajectory.

To avoid mechanical and thermodynamic wear of a programming system, a microwave transmitter, preferably operating in the GHz range, is integrated in the system, while at the same time the advantages of measurement of the muzzle velocity and of a current compensated fuse setting are preserved. The microwave transmitter transmits the current fuse setting, for example, as determined by a fire control computer, to the ammunition, e.g., a projectile. A direct measurement of the actual muzzle velocity itself can be dispensed with, since the real muzzle velocity is determined by the current flight velocity information of the projectile, i.e., it is extrapolated back from this. On the basis of this current projectile velocity, the ignition time, which was preset with the ignition time of the projectile using a standard muzzle velocity, is corrected and used as the current fuse set time.

An improved light gas gun launches a projectile in a light gas atmosphere as it travels through a frictionless barrel to achieve high muzzle velocities, decreased acoustic signatures, and increased ranges. The light gas atmosphere is introduced by a purge valve prior to firing or by a muzzle valve that holds a positive light gas pressure on the barrel and breech. The muzzle valve also routes the majority of propellant gases through a suppression canister, reducing the light gas gun's acoustic signature. The frictionless barrel uses light gas propellant routed through gas bearings to keep the projectile centered in the barrel and preclude the projectile from contacting the barrel walls, eliminating barrel wear. The system includes a projectile assembly that stores light gas from the firing and injects it into the boundary layer, reducing drag, increasing range and lethality, and decreasing acoustic signature of the projectile down range.

Embodiments of the present technology are directed to systems and methods for measuring projectile muzzle velocity. A muzzle velocity sensor measures an acceleration as well as a set of events occurring within the barrel of the firearm upon a shot being fired. Using the measured data, a muzzle velocity is calculated. The muzzle velocity sensor is used externally to the firearm, requiring no changes to the firearm or the projectile.

A sub-caliber bullet with an aerodynamic shape has long-range accuracy due to a high muzzle velocity and reduced time of flight to a target. The bullet has a forward portion, a mid-portion and an aft portion. The forward portion has a density in excess of 10 / cm3 while the mid-portion has a lower density. The bullet has an aspect ratio of at least 5:1 and a diameter, d, that satisfies a Power Law equation:d=D*(x / L)nwhere D is a maximum bullet diameter, L is the length, x is a distance rearward from a nose of the bullet and n is a Power Law exponent that is between 0.5 and 0.75. In some embodiments, a blind bore extends into the mid-portion from the aft portion and a sustainer propellant within the blind bore ignites as the bullet exits a gun muzzle to provide a velocity boost and to overcome aerodynamic drag.

A system for precisely measuring muzzle exit velocity of a “muzzle loaded” mortar projectile fired from a mortar tube using two back-biased Hall effect sensors for projectile gas ring channel detection. The system includes a back-biased Hall effect sensor block, a digital resolver electronic circuit and a computer software interface. The back-biased Hall effect sensors are located in a calibrated sensor block attached to a mortar tube. As the projectile metal casing passes a face of the sensors, the sensors trigger and release, providing two electronic pulses. The pulse edges are captured in the resolver electronics, containing a discriminator circuit for filtering all input pulses to distinguish between a projectile loading event and a projectile firing event. Once a valid firing event is detected, an output of precision timers is presented serially to a computer where it is processed and displayed by a computer software interface.

It is proposed to use the gun barrel or launcher tube or the muzzle brake as a waveguide, which, however, is operated at a frequency that is below the cutoff frequency of the relevant waveguide mode. The transmit coupler excites the relevant waveguide mode. An oscillator generates the signal, which is then sent to the transmit coupler. The waveguide and the projectile form a system in which the electromagnetic field at the receive coupler is influenced by the position of the projectile. The characteristic change over time of the strength of the electromagnetic field at the location of the receive coupler that results from the change in the distance between the projectile and the receive coupler is measured and used to determine the muzzle velocity.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a muzzle velocity of a fired bullet so that the bullet may explode at an accurate location. The muzzle velocity measuring apparatus includes a detector configured to comprise a pair of cores encircled by probe wound coils and installed in two separate positions in an adapter, and to output a muzzle velocity signal based on eddy current signals which are generated by the probe wound coils when a bullet fired from a bullet chamber passes through the adapter, a muzzle velocity calculator configured to calculate a flight speed of the fired bullet based on the muzzle velocity signal; and a transmitter configured to transmit the calculated flight speed to the bullet.

An onboard sensor suite generally includes two main components: a proximity sensor suite for measuring the projectile muzzle velocity; and a pressure sensor suite for measuring the projectile airspeed. The flight velocity of the projectile can then be estimated with a high degree of accuracy using either the muzzle velocity by itself or the airspeed by itself, or, in a preferred embodiment, by using both the muzzle velocity and the airspeed. The proximity sensor suite includes proximity sensors that are mounted along a projectile body; a wire harness; and an onboard computer or CPU. The pressure sensor suite includes a Pitot pressure transducer and two static pressure transducers that are mounted within the projectile body; a wire harness; and a CPU.

A means and method of controlling the muzzle velocity of a gun launched projectile to ensure that the muzzle velocities of several rounds of the same type tend towards the same value or that of an individual round approaches some nominal value. A sensor means measures a parameter related to the muzzle velocity of a projectile and a control means instructs an electrothermal energy unit to discharge a fixed amount of energy into the gun barrel after a certain time delay, the time delay being derived from the measured parameter and being such to ensure that discharge causes the projectile to achieve a controlled muzzle velocity.

A method for the dispersion of projectiles from guns capable of firing multiple projectiles in rapid succession whereby some of the projectiles are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile away from it's central axis and oriented prior to firing. This, in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel, imparts velocity to the projectile upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile's center of mass is away from its central axis, and the placement of the modified projectile strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the loading orientation of the modified projectile. Firing a multiplicity of standard and modified projectiles in rapid succession will produce an accurate dispersion pattern on a target, increasing the hit probability on that target.

An energetic sabot allows part of the sabot to burn away at a controlled rate, adding propellant energy to the gun while at the same time completely support the projectile rod. The energetic sabot is thicker or larger at shot start to support the projectile without breaking. As the energetic sabot travels up the gun tube, the energetic sabot then thins out or otherwise decreases in mass as the force on the energetic sabot decreases. The weight of the projectile consequently decreases as it travels up the gun tube, allowing the gun gases to push a lighter projectile, giving the projectile a higher velocity. Due to its continually decreasing weight in the gun tube, the projectile experiences greater acceleration and exits the gun with a higher muzzle velocity. A secondary effect comes from increased pressure in the gun tube from the gases relinquished in the burning of the sabot, further increasing the velocity of the projectile. This higher velocity in turn leads to greater projectile velocity at target impact, and thus a greater penetration depth. The energetic sabot is “doped” with energetic materials by sprinkling either explosive, propulsive, or pyrotechnic agents between layers of the composite material in the energetic sabot. These agents ignite upon propulsion; their composition is determined from their burn rates. The burn rate may be designed proportional to the decrease in chamber pressure; the less pressure in the tube, the more material that can be relinquished.

A sub-caliber bullet with an aerodynamic shape has long-range accuracy due to a high muzzle velocity and reduced time of flight to a target. The bullet has forward and aft portions and a mid-portion. The forward portion has a density in excess of 10 / cm3 while the mid-portion has a lower density. The bullet has an aspect ratio of at least 5:1 and a diameter, d, that satisfies a Power Law equation:d=D*(x / L)n where D is a maximum bullet diameter, L is the length, x is a distance rearward from a nose of the bullet and n is a Power Law exponent that is between 0.5 and 0.75. In some embodiments, a blind bore extends into the mid-portion from the aft portion and a sustainer propellant within the bore ignites as the bullet exits a gun muzzle to provide a velocity boost and to overcome aerodynamic drag.

A closed loop current controller for an electromagnetic rail gun. It is necessary to control the muzzle velocity of a rail gun accurately for the gun to be a good artillery device. The present invention provides a closed loop control system to accurately regulate the energy transfer to a rail gun projectile and control its muzzle velocity. The rail gun control system includes a state space (state domain) control concept adapted to discrete control events that transition the system from one state to another until the final desired state (i.e., muzzle velocity) is reached. The control regulator preferably generates state transition functions that transition the projectile from state to state according to a defined current profile to provide a specified projectile muzzle velocity. The rail gun closed loop current controller also includes current reference compensation to correct for errors in previous state transitions.

The invention discloses a rocket bomb muzzle velocity measurement method based on improved short-time Fourier transform, comprising the following steps: (10) echo signal windowing: discretizing echo data of a rocket bomb measured by radar, and using a Blackman window to carry out time-domain windowing on the discretized data; (20) power spectrum waterfall plot acquiring: constantly sliding time-domain windows, carrying out time-domain signal reconstruction, low-frequency coefficient extraction and instantaneous velocity calculation on the echo data in each time-domain window, and drawing a power spectrum waterfall plot according to the power spectrums in all the time-domain windows; and (30) muzzle velocity determining: finding out the position of the signal according to the power spectrum waterfall plot, fitting out the muzzle velocity of the rocket bomb according to the Doppler frequency-velocity relationship corresponding to the peak, and drawing a velocity fitted curve of the rocket bomb. The invention aims to provide a rocket bomb muzzle velocity measurement method based on short-time Fourier transform, which has the advantages of small amount of calculation and high measurement accuracy.

One involves a gas delayed recoil method. This method is applied to: 1. Weapons with any caliber, chamber pressure and muzzle velocity can be launched with low recoil or recoilless. 2. Gas turbine engines, ramjet engines and rocket engines. As a combustion chamber subsystem, the working medium is changed from a constant pressure combustion mode to a constant volume combustion mode with higher thermal cycle efficiency. A piston is assembled in the barrel of the weapon (that is, the gun barrel or gun barrel). When the gunpowder gas in the barrel burns and expands to do work and launch the projectile, the piston is simultaneously pushed to move along the axis; when the "bore pressure-time curve" of the barrel Certainly, the special structural design of the piston allows the piston to move to the position of the exhaust hole opened on the barrel at the moment when the projectile exits the chamber, so that part of the gunpowder gas is ejected forward with the projectile and part of it is released. The gunpowder gas is ejected backward through this exhaust hole to form a recoil force to counteract the recoil momentum of the barrel.

The invention discloses a multi-stage acceleration electromagnetic gun experimental facility based on STM32 control. The multi-stage acceleration electromagnetic gun experimental facility based on STM32 control is characterized by comprising an STM32F103ZET6 master control module, a power module, a boosting module, a sensor module, a speed measurement module, a liquid crystal display module, a launching module, a shell initial position detection module and a voltage detection module. According to the multi-stage acceleration electromagnetic gun experimental facility based on STM32 control, a multi-stage acceleration coil on a trajectory, and therefore, the number of acceleration stages can be chosen as needed; and meanwhile, because a photoelectric sensor is installed on a gun barrel to detect the position of a shell, a signal is transmitted to a master control chip, and then the master control chip controls a capacitor of a next stage to discharge. According to the multi-stage acceleration electromagnetic gun experimental facility based on STM32 control, by adopting the structure, a user can choose the number of acceleration stages as needed through the STM32, the charging voltageof the capacitors can be controlled as needed as well, the muzzle velocity and the firing range of the shell can be controlled, and the muzzle velocity can be measured; and because of OLED display, other data in experiments can be acquired at the same time as well, and physics teaching experiments are convenient to carry out.

A system and method for providing information regarding the trajectory of a projectile is disclosed. The system comprises two subsystems: a non-magnetic sleeve designed to fit over the barrel of a gun, with a series of rings of magnetic material disposed thereupon, and an onboard measurement and control system comprising at least one magnetic sensor and control electronics, located within a projectile. As the projectile passes through the sleeve, the magnetic sensors within the projectile produce signals as the projectile passes through the magnetic rings. From the time profile of the signals thus produced, the projectile's linear and angular muzzle velocities are determined.

The invention relates to small arms ammunition and can be used in the designs of projectiles intended for high precision long-range firing at supersonic and subsonic muzzle velocities of a projectile.A projectile of small arms ammunition comprises a head portion with a blunted nose surface, a central leading portion, and a boattail, which tapers towards the projectile base, wherein the largest diameter of the cross-section of the central leading portion is equal to “D”, the length of the head portion is equal to 1.9-2.9D, and the diameter at the interface between the nose surface and the lateral surface of the head portion is equal to 0.15-0.3D. The lateral surface of the head portion is limited by the surface of two adjoining truncated cones, namely a front cone and a rear cone with opening angles equal to 22-30 degrees and 8-16 degrees respectively, wherein the smaller base of the front truncated cone abuts the nose surface, and the larger base of the rear truncated cone abuts the surface of the central leading portion. Between the central leading portion and the boattail a step transition is made so that the largest diameter of the cross-section of the boattail is equal to 0.94-0.97D and is less than the diameter of the barrel bore measured at the rifling lands. The invention provides an increase in the ballistic characteristics of projectiles on the trajectory and a decrease in projectiles dispersion.

A gun firing method whereby multiple projectiles segments that are contained within a cartridge are fired simultaneously in a symmetrical pattern. Some of the multiple projectile segments are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile segments away from the central longitudinal axis of the cartridge. This in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel will impart velocity to the modified projectile segments upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the gun barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile segments to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile segment and strike the target away from the bullseye. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile segment's center of mass is away from the central longitudinal axis of the cartridge. The placement of the modified projectile segments strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the orientation of the centers of mass of the modified projectile segments prior to firing. Simultaneously firing a multiplicity of standard and modified projectile segments will produce a symmetrical pattern on a target, which will substantially increase the hit probability of a gun.

A gun firing method whereby multiple projectiles segments that are contained within a cartridge are fired simultaneously in a symmetrical pattern. Some of the multiple projectile segments are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile segments away from the central longitudinal axis of the cartridge. This in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel will impart velocity to the modified projectile segments upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the gun barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile segments to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile segment and strike the target away from the bullseye. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile segment's center of mass is away from the central longitudinal axis of the cartridge. The placement of the modified projectile segments strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the orientation of the centers of mass of the modified projectile segments prior to firing. Simultaneously firing a multiplicity of standard and modified projectile segments will produce a symmetrical pattern on a target, which will substantially increase the hit probability of a gun.

A round of high velocity ammunition contained within a modified chamber of a conventional firearm has a cartridge case, a sabot mounted within the forward-end of the case and a carrying projectile matching the caliber of the firearm for engaging rifling in the firearm bore, and a quantity of a propellant charge sufficient to impart a muzzle velocity in excess of 25,000 (ft. / sec.) to the projectile. The cartridge case and the projectile cooperate with a rearwardly facing abutment surface of the chamber to confine the sabot which has an forwardly facing bearing surface coaxially surrounding a portion of the projectile and in abutting engagement with the abutment surface. When the round is fired substantially instantaneous dynamic forces generated by the gases of explosion propel the projectile from the chamber into and through the bore while simultaneously comprising the sabot to a fracture point. The fragmented sabot is entrained in the gases of explosion and escapes from the firearm through the muzzle end of the barrel.

Provided is a calibration method for an armor sensing component of a robot, comprising: acquiring a detection value of an armor sensor (22) when armor of a robot is struck by a calibration bullet (101); acquiring a current standard damage value according to a correspondence relationship between a muzzle velocity of the calibration bullet and a preset standard damage value (102); and standardizing a relationship between the detection value and the damage value according to the current standard damage value and the detection value (103). According to the calibration method for an armor sensing component of a robot, a relationship between the detection value and the damage value of a sensor (22) is standardized, so that damage values of different robots are equivalent to a standard damage value when armor of the robots is struck by bullets fired at an identical velocity, thereby ensuring the fairness of competition.

Systems to measure muzzle exit conditions of for ammunition improve fire control solutions and reduce shot-to-shot dispersion in both conventional and air-burst programmable ammunition. A first system optically measures coordinate grids on a projectile to measure the initial boundary conditions of external ballistic flight. A second system measures muzzle velocity and, when firing “post-shot” programmable ammunition, the systems calculates a unique time-of-flight optimized for the actual muzzle velocity and transmits the time to detonate signal by using either optically or Radio Frequency signals transmits an optimized time of burst to a projectile. A third system measures muzzle velocity coupled to a ballistic calculator and, when used with ammunition having ferrous characteristics, the force is applied to exiting ammunition to slow or increase the muzzle velocity to a consistent, standardized target velocity. The systems are separately or in combination incorporated into kits that readily improve the performance of weapon systems.