The invention discloses an infrared dual-waveband common-aperture refraction and reflection imaging system which is used for imaging target radiation of medium-wave spectral wavebands and long-wave spectral wavebands at infinite positions on a long-wave infrared detector and a medium-wave infrared detector. The infrared dual-waveband common-aperture refraction and reflection imaging system is characterized in that a main optical path is a long-wave infrared optical path, a reflex optical path is a medium-wave infrared optical path, the main optical path comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a first collimating mirror, a second collimating mirror, a beam splitter mirror, a first long-wave correcting mirror, an optical filter, a second long-wave correcting mirror, a third long-wave correcting mirror, a fourth long-wave correcting mirror, a fifth long-wave correcting mirror and a long-wave detector assembly which are sequentially arranged from a beam incidence direction, and the reflex optical path comprises the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the first collimating mirror, the second collimating mirror, the beam splitter mirror, a first medium-wave correcting mirror, a second medium-wave correcting mirror, a third medium-wave correcting mirror, a medium-wave turning reflecting mirror, a fourth medium-wave correcting mirror, a fifth medium-wave correcting mirror and a medium-wave detector assembly. The infrared dual-waveband common-aperture refraction and reflection imaging system has the advantages of relatively compact structure, light weight, good imaging quality, capability of working in wide temperature ranges, and the like.