The invention discloses an RFID system safety authentication method with an ECC combining with a lightweight Hash function. When communication is performed between a label and a reader, first, an elliptic curve discrete logarithm method is used to perform authentication and verification on the identity of the reader, and then, an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm of a Quark lightweight Hash algorithm is used to perform authentication and verification on the identity of the label. Compared with a traditional scheme, the RFID system safety authentication method with the ECC combining with the lightweight Hash function has a higher security level, 48% of communication overhead is reduced, in the aspect of overall memory consumption, 24% of memory consumption is reduced, and performance in aspects of communication overhead and memory requirements is excellent.