The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state garbage treatment, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly and energy-saving rapid cooler and a rapid cooling method for smoke.The environment-friendly and energy-saving rapid cooler comprises a shell body and a plurality of smoke through pipelines arranged in the shell body, wherein a smoke inlet port communicating with oneend of each smoke through pipeline is formed in the shell body, and a smoke outlet port is formed in one end away from the smoke inlet port, of the shell body; a cooling liquid cyclically flowing is held in the shell body; the two ends of each smoke through pipeline are isolated from the cooling liquid separately; and a residue discharge port is formed in the bottom of the shell body, and a sealing element is movably arranged at the residue discharge port. Smoke after incineration treatment enters each smoke through pipeline from the smoke inlet port, carries out heat exchange with the coolingliquid in the shell body, and is cooled to reach 220 DEG C and below and then discharged from the smoke outlet port; and the cooling liquid cyclically flows, a great cooling effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the smoke does not make direct contact with the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is not polluted, and can be repeatedly used after being cooled, without special treatment, so that higher energy-saving and environment-friendly performance is achieved.