The invention discloses a cylinder part outer contour geometric tolerance measuring instrument which comprises a positioning device, a first measuring device, a second measuring device and a base, wherein the positioning device comprises a positioning mandrel; a first outer circle surface is arranged on the upper section of the positioning mandrel, and a positioning end surface and a second outer circle surface are arranged on the lower section of the positioning mandrel; the bottom end of the positioning mandrel is a cylindrical section; indexing holes are formed in the positioning end surface uniformly; the first measuring device comprises a meter frame rod vertically fixed on the base and capable of moving forwards and backwards, and a plurality of lever dial gages; the lever dial gages are connected with the meter frame rod through first fixing adjusting structures; the second measuring device comprises a fixing rod vertically fixed on the base, an indexing device on the fixing rod and a multiple-degree-of-freedom meter frame adjusting device; the first measuring device and the second measuring device are respectively positioned on the two sides of the positioning device. The cylinder part outer contour geometric tolerance measuring instrument is simple in structure, accurate and reliable in measurement, convenient to operate, low in manufacturing cost, convenient to move, and flexile and changeable in positioning mode and can measure a plurality of beats at the same time.