The invention provides a chain tensioning gear and a chain tensioning method for a
slag removing
machine. The chain tensioning gear is formed by a fixing seat, supporting screw rods, springs, adjusting nuts, slideway supports, a chain, tension sprockets, a
sprocket shaft, slide blocks, bearings, a support connecting plate and a screw rod connecting plate. When the stretching and retracting action of a telescopic boom of the
slag removing
machine is finished, the tension sprockets move downwards under the action of the springs, and are in a free tension state; when the telescopic boom is retracted or stretched, the
vertical vibration of the chain can be restrained by the tension sprockets and the meshed chain; when the chain is stretched, the nuts can be adjusted so as to change the precompression of the springs; when a
transverse force is caused by the chain, a reserved gap can enable the tension sprockets to move transversely, and transverse floating supporting guide is realized; when a
pull force of the chain is changed, the chain does vertical movement along with the tension sprockets, and partial momentary tension is relieved or eliminated. The chain tensioning gear and the method provided by the invention can be used for effectively relieving
impact load caused by frequent reversing, the chain transmission stress state can be improved, the service life of the chain can be prolonged, and the running reliability of the chain can be improved.