The invention discloses a high temperature resistant flame retardant filter paper used for a diesel filter and a preparation method thereof. The high temperature resistant flame retardant filter paper comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of wood pulp celluloses, 30-40 parts of vinylon fibers, 10-15 parts of glass fibers, 2-5 parts of dolomite dust, 1-3 parts of nanometer titanium dioxide, 2-4 parts of light calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of modified nano-carbon, 1-2 parts of nanometer titanium oxide, 0.5-0.8 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-4 parts of modified water-soluble phenolic resin emulsion, 2-5 parts of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 0.5-1 part of diethanolamide, 0.5-1 part of silane coupling agent KH550, 0.4-0.8 part of sodium laurylsulfate and 4-6 parts of a wet strength agent. The filter paper, prepared by the invention, has the advantages of good water permeability, large filtering area, small maximum aperture, high filtering precision, strong bursting strength, high temperature resistance and flame resistance, the filtering efficiency is 99.999%, the filter paper has stable performance index at normal temperature and high temperature, and better temperature resistance and filtering effect.