The invention relates to the technical field of transmission shaft connecting devices, and discloses a split-type axial connecting device. The split-type axial connecting device comprises two sets ofcouplings, wherein fixed steel plates are fixedly installed on the two sides of each coupling, the fixed steel plates on one coupling are in threaded connection with the fixed steel plates on the other coupling through fastening bolts and locking nuts; a connecting shaft sleeve is rotationally connected to the outer side of each coupling through a bearing, an internal threaded hole is formed in the end, located outside the corresponding coupling, of each connecting shaft sleeve, and a first connecting shaft is in threaded connection with each coupling through the corresponding internal threaded hole. According to the split-type axial connecting device, separation and reunion of two connecting parts are controlled through clamping connection and separation of locating pins and pin holes, sothat rotation of the first connecting shaft is conveyed to the second connecting shaft through connection of the two connecting parts, and multi-shaft transmission is achieved. Meanwhile, when the two connecting parts are separated, rotation of the first connecting shaft is conveyed to the connecting device, that is to say, transmission is stopped, so that the split-shaft transmission effect is achieved, and the transmission stability is improved.