The invention discloses a scanning type metal surface imaging and component analyzing device. The scanning type metal surface imaging and component analyzing device comprises an X-ray tube (1), an X fluorescent probe (2), a collimator (3), a position sensitive type photomultiplier (4), a detector packaging sleeve (5), a high-pressure control system (6), an amplifier (7), a signal reading-out system (8), a data processing system (9), a computer control and data display system (10), a stepping motor control system (11), a remote logging-in system (12), a laser distance meter (13), a stepping motor (14), a sample platform (15) and a shielding protection body (16). According to the scanning type metal surface imaging and component analyzing device, X rays are generated by using the X-ray tube and characteristic X rays are generated by a reaction between the X rays and nuclide inner shell layer electrons on a metal surface; and a sensor is used for collecting space and energy information of the characteristic X rays and carrying out component analysis and imaging on the metal surface. The scanning type metal surface imaging and component analyzing device is not influenced by varieties of metal plating layers and can simultaneously realize metal surface imaging and element component analysis.