The invention provides a method for machining a narrow groove system impeller, a grinding head and a preparation method of the grinding head. The grinding head is a cylinder. The top end of the grinding head is in the shape of a spherical surface, and a spiral groove is formed in the side wall of the grinding head. The preparation method includes the steps that materials for use are calculated; ingredients are weighed; wetting and material mixing are performed; pressing of grinding head sand blocks is performed; drying is performed; the firing link is performed; and the grinding head sand blocks which are qualified through checking are selected and enter an adhesion processing procedure of a cutter handle, the cutter handle is bonded, after adhesives are cured and stabilized, laser dressing is performed, grooving is performed, and acceptance check of the grinding head is performed, and therefore preparation of the grinding head is completed. The method for machining the narrow groove system impeller through the grinding head includes the steps that fluttering stability analysis is performed, and a stable lobe graph of a grinding system is established; the technological parameter selecting range of stable grinding is determined; and technological parameters of stable grinding are selected, and the grinding head is installed for grinding machining. By means of the grinding head, the grinding temperature is effectively lowered, the adhesion and abrasion effects of cuttings on the grinding head are reduced, the machining surface burning problem is reduced, and better machining surface quality is acquired.