The invention discloses a method of forming a distributed
energy storage system by a small
hydropower cluster. The method comprises steps: a total net load value PLj(t) of all small
hydropower stations at a tth time in an
energy storage cycle T is acquired; according to an optimization objective, the total net load value PLj(t) and planned load pi(t) of an ith small
hydropower station, the actual load pfci(t) of the ith small hydropower
station is acquired; and according to the actual load pfci(t) of the ith small hydropower
station, optimal efficiency control is carried out on a
water pumping and water storing device of the ith small hydropower station, and the ith small hydropower station is made to operate under the optimal efficiency according to the actual load pfci(t), wherein the
water pumping and water storing device is a hydraulic
turbine, a water pump or a reversible hydraulic
turbine. Through carrying out improvement on the small hydropower stations and using an
energy management unit to manage the small hydropower stations in a unified mode, the multiple small hydropower stations can form a large
energy storage system capable of power generation and energy storage, the problems of the operation efficiency and the utilization of the small hydropower stations can be solved, and the regulation capability of the
power grid is improved.