The invention discloses a comprehensive detection system of a high-speed railway balise, and the system belongs to the field of railway equipment detection. The system comprises a balise transmission module (BTM) main machine, a BTM antenna and an automatic train protection (ATP) system which communicate and are connected with the BTM main machine, a high-speed data acquisition device which communicates and is connected with the BTM main machine, and a detection, analysis and processing device which communicates and is connected with the high-speed data acquisition device through the BTM main machine. According to the system, when a train runs at high speed, the high-speed data acquisition device acquires the signals of the balise at high speed, the detection, analysis and processing device displays the waveform, frequency spectrum, detailed message information, characteristic indicators and the like of the signals of the balise after analyzing and processing the signals of the balise which are acquired and processed by the high-speed data acquisition device, the detection system is applicable to high-speed railway environments with the hourly speed being no less than 350km, accurately detects the balise system of the high-speed train, and ensures that the balise system works reliably.