319results about How to "Improve approximation" patented technology

The present invention involves method and apparatus for analyzing two measured signals that are modeled as containing primary and secondary portions. Coefficients relate the two signals according to a model defined in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention involves utilizing a transformation which evaluates a plurality of possible signal coefficients in order to find appropriate coefficients. Alternatively, the present invention involves using statistical functions or Fourier transform and windowing techniques to determine the coefficients relating to two measured signals. Use of this invention is described in particular detail with respect to blood oximetry measurements.

The present invention involves method and apparatus for analyzing two measured signals that are modeled as containing primary and secondary portions. Coefficients relate the two signals according to a model defined in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention involves utilizing a transformation which evaluates a plurality of possible signal coefficients find appropriate coefficients. Alternatively, the present invention involves using statistical functions or Fourier transform and windowing techniques to determine the coefficients relating to two measured signals. Use of this invention is described in particular detail with respect to blood oximetry measurements.

A graft fixation system for fixing graft material in a bone tunnel includes an expandable fixation member having a graft receiving eyelet disposed proximate its distal end, opposed bone engaging elements disposed about its periphery, and an expansion plug receiving opening defined in its proximal end. The system also includes an expansion plug having a diameter greater than the diameter of the expansion plug receiving opening so that forceable insertion of the expansion plug into the expansion plug receiving opening causes an expansion of the expandable fixation member driving the opposed bone engaging elements apart so as to fix the bone engaging elements, as well as the graft material, in a bone tunnel.

A method of generating a geodetic reference database product is disclosed The method comprises acquiring mobile mapping data captured by means of digital cameras, range sensors and position determination means including GPS and IMU mounted to a vehicle driving across the earth surface, the mobile mapping data comprising simultaneously captured image data, range data and associated position data in a geographic coordinate system. Linear stationary earth surface features are derived from the mobile mapping data by processing the image data, range data and associated position data. 3D-models are generated for the linear stationary earth surface features in the geographic coordinate system from the image data, range data and associated position data and stored in a database to obtain the geodetic reference database product. A 3D-model could include an image representing the colors of the surface of the 3D model or a set of smaller images representing photo-identifiable objects along the model. The 3D-models could be used to rectify aerial imagery, to correct digital elevation models and to improve the triangulation of digital elevation models.

A methodology of highly interactive intra-object relevance feedback is used to retrieve multimedia data from a database. The query object could consist of one or more images, images derived from video, a video sequence, or an audio clip. The query is adjusted using the information fed-back by the user about the relevance of previously extracted part(s) from the object itself, such that the adjusted query is a better approximation to the user's perception. The information fed-back by the user during intra-query modification is used for intra-object learning of the user's perception. The refined query is subsequently used for inter-object relevance feedback where data is retrieved from the database based on parameters learnt by intra-query object feedback mechanism, and the user provides feedback by ranking the retrieved objects in order of their relevance to him or her. In the system according to the invention, inter-object learning of user's perception is expedited by utilizing the learnt parameters in the intra-object relevance feedback. Furthermore, the methodology of the invention allows for building refined queries based on part(s) or sub-sequence(s) of the query object rather than the entire object itself, thereby reducing the number of irrelevant objects, retrieved from the database. The methodology allows synthesis and modification of the input query object itself in the event a query object is not directly available, and, also to learn the user's perception.

A method for encoding a syntax element contained in a precoded video signal into a coded bit stream, the precoded video signal representing at least one video frame, the syntax element being associated with a predetermined portion of the video frame and being indicative of as to whether the predetermined portion of the video frame is precoded in a first or a second way into the precoded video signal is described. The method comprises investigating as to whether a neighboring portion of the video frame neighboring the predetermined portion is precoded in the first way or the second way, in order to obtain a binary value; assigning one of at least two context models to the predetermined portion of the video frame based on the binary value, wherein each context model is associated with a different probability estimation; and arithmetically encoding the syntax element into the coded bit stream based on the probability estimation with which the assigned context model is associated.

A method of film deposition in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process includes (a) providing a model for CVD deposition of a film that defines a plurality of regions on a wafer and identifies one or more film properties for at least two regions of the wafer and at least one deposition model variable that correlates with the one or more film properties; (b) depositing a film onto a wafer using a first deposition recipe comprising at least one deposition recipe parameter that corresponds to the at least one deposition variable; (c) measuring a film property of at least one of the one or more film properties for the deposited film of step (b) for each of the at least two regions of the wafer and determining a film property; (d) calculating an updated deposition model based upon the film property of step (c) and the model of step (a); and (e) calculating an updated deposition recipe based upon the updated model of step (d) to maintain a target film property. The method can be used to provide feedback to a plurality of deposition chambers or to control film properties other than film thickness.

The invention provides an SAR image terrain classification method based on a depth RBF network. The method mainly solves the problem of the prior art that the accuracy of classification is low. The method comprises the steps of (1) extracting the texton features of an SAR image; (2) training the texton features of the SAR image through a first-layer RBF neural network of the depth RBF network to obtain the advanced features of the image; (3) training the advanced features through a second-layer sparse autocoder network SAE of the depth RBF network to obtain more advanced features of the image; (4) training the more advanced features through a third-layer RBF neural network of the depth RBF network to obtain the terrain classification features of the image; (5) comparing the terrain classification features of an image test sample with a test sample label, adjusting the parameters of each layer of the depth RBF network, and obtaining an optimal test classification accuracy. The method is high in classification accuracy and can be used for complicated image classification.

A method for estimating a precise position of a user device from signals from a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite includes receiving at least one carrier signal at a user device, each carrier signal being transmitted a distinct LEO satellite. The user device processes the carrier signals to obtain a first carrier phase information. The user device recalls an inertial position fix derived at an inertial reference unit. The user device derives a position of the user device based on the inertial position fix and the first carrier phase information.

The present invention relates to a measuring instrument and methods for such a measuring instrument for tracking a moving object, measuring a distance to an object. According to the invention, sets of target position data including at least horizontal (Ha) and vertical angle (Va) between the measuring instrument (1) and said at least one target (9) in consecutive measurements during a measurement session are obtained (40; 50; 60; 70); a model describing a path of and / or a distance to the target (9) is calculated; at least a present position of the target is estimated (44; 53; 65; 74) using the model; and, the estimated position of the target (9) is used (45; 56; 67; 79) when searching for the target (9).

A filter compressor for generating compressed subband filter impulse responses from input subband filter impulse responses corresponding to subbands, which include filter impulse response values at filter taps, includes a processor for examining the filter impulse response values from at least two input subband filter input responses to find filter impulse response values having higher values and at least one filter impulse response value having a value being lower than the higher values, and a filter impulse response constructor for constructing the compressed subband filter impulse responses using the filter impulse response values having the higher values, wherein the compressed subband filter impulse responses do not include filter impulse response values corresponding to filter taps of the at least one filter impulse response value having the lower value or include zero-valued values corresponding to filter taps of the at least one filter impulse response value having the lower value.

A method for processing values from a measurement in a data set, such that there is recognition of corrupted values from the measurement. The method of the present invention is structured in such a manner that the values from a measurement are compared by means of a suitable measure of difference from a predefinable or determinable or model function and are evaluated via a predefinable or determinable error bound for that measure of difference.

A method for estimating a precise position of a user device from signals from a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite includes receiving at least one carrier signal at a user device, each carrier signal being transmitted a distinct LEO satellite. The user device processes the carrier signals to obtain a first carrier phase information. The user device recalls an inertial position fix derived at an inertial reference unit. The user device derives a position of the user device based on the inertial position fix and the first carrier phase information.

The invention relates to a wind turbine comprising a machine housing (12) equipped with a rotor (14), which is mounted to pivot on a sub-structure (10). Wind parameters and an electromechanical quantity are determined by means of measuring devices (21, 22, 23). To enable the machine housing (12) to track the wind, the wind turbine is equipped with a pivoting device (11) comprising a controller (8). The wind turbine is also equipped with a calibration module (2), which is configured to determine an effective mass of the electromechanical quantity using the wind speed. In addition, the turbine comprises an evaluation device (4) comprising a classifier (40), which is used to form a first average value for a first class, for which the wind direction is positive and a second average value for a second class, for which the wind direction is negative. A difference is determined by means of a comparator and a calibration signal is emitted to the controller (8) of the pivoting device (11). The invention permits an autonomous calibration of the controller (8) for the tracking of the machine housing (12) and thus reduces the risk of an erroneous positioning of the rotor (14) in relation to the wind direction, irrespective of the prevailing wind conditions. The invention is particularly stable in relation to variable wind forces and directions, especially in the presence of gusts.

The present invention relates to a method with which speech is captured in a noisy environment with as high a speech quality as possible. To this end, a compact array of, for example, two single microphones is combined to form one system through signal processing methods consisting of adaptive beam formation and spectral subtraction. Through the combination with a spectral subtraction, the reference signal of the beam former is freed from speech signal components to the extent that a reference signal of the interference is formed and the beam former produces high gains.

The invention relates to a method for synchronization in networks, whereby the local time (tloc) which is valid at the particular node, is updated at different nodes. For that purpose, timing messages are regularly transmitted by a freely selectable superior node (N1; N3; N6) and only by a superior node to an inferior node N2, N3; N4-N6; N7), which receives the timing messages M1-M8) and analyzes said messages for updating the local time (tloc) thereof. A minimum propagation time (dmin) is determined for a timing message (M1-M8) between an inferior node (N1;N3;N6) and a superior node (N2, N3; N4-N6; N7). When the inferior node (N2, N3; N4-N6; N7) receives a timing message (M1-M8), said inferior node extracts the local time of the superior node (N1; N3), which is contained in said timing message (M1-M8) and adds the minimum propagation time (dmin) thereto, in order to generate a reference time (tcomp,1-tcomp,8). Said reference time (tcomp,1-tcomp,8) is then compared with the proper local time (tloc). If the reference time is retarded in relation to the proper local time (tloc), said proper local time (tloc) is not updated. If said reference time is advanced in relation to the proper local time (tloc).

A method of film deposition in a sub-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process includes (a) providing a model for sub-atmospheric CVD deposition of a film that identifies one or more film properties of the film and at least one deposition model variable that correlates with the one or more film properties; (b) depositing a film onto a wafer using a first deposition recipe comprising at least one deposition recipe parameter that corresponds to the at least one deposition variable; (c) measuring a film property of at least one of said one or more film properties for the deposited film of step (b); (d) calculating an updated deposition model based upon the measured film property of step (c) and the model of step (a); and (e) calculating an updated deposition recipe based upon the updated model of step (d) to maintain a target film property. The method can be used to provide feedback to a plurality of deposition chambers or to control a film property other than film thickness.

Disclosed are a demand forecasting method, a demand forecasting program, and a demand forecasting system that can adequately forecast a demand for a commodity. A management computer calculates a trend function with respect to demand values. The management computer then calculates the ratio of the demand values to a trend curve, and calculates a logarithm of the ratio. Then, the management computer approximates the calculated natural logarithm curve with a periodic model, and converts the logarithmic scale of the acquired periodic model to a normal scale. Demand forecasting is performed using a demand forecasting model acquired by combining a periodic change model of the normal scale with a trend curve (trend function).

The invention provides an inter-board perpendicular interconnection circuit structure for a substrate integrated ridge waveguide (SIRW), and aims to provide a millimeter wave inter-board perpendicular interconnection circuit structure with small volume, easy integration, high interconnection property and long-term reliability. The inter-board perpendicular interconnection circuit structure is implemented by the following technical scheme: the SIRW (3) perpendicular to the surface of a base board is integrated on an LTCC multilayered circuit board (1); a substrate integrated ridge waveguide opening is etched in a corresponding outlet in the metal ground on the surface of the LTCC multilayered circuit board (1); Z-direction metalized filling holes (2) are arranged to form a metal hole gate array to equivalently form the waveguide wall and single-side ridges in the waveguide; metallic shield holes and probe restraining cavities (7) on the two sides of a 50-ohm strip line (8) are arranged at the equal spacing; and the alignment pressing and connection of the SIRW interfaces on the opposite sides between two boards is realized through pin hole alignment, so that the perpendicular interconnection transition of the millimeter wave signal between two boards in a way of 50-ohm strip line-SIRW-SIRW-50-ohm strip line is realized consequently.

A monocular input image is transformed to give it an enhanced three dimensional appearance by creating at least two output images. Foreground and background objects are segmented in the input image and transformed differently from each other, so that the foreground objects appear to stand out from the background. Given a sequence of input images, the foreground objects will appear to move differently from the background objects in the output images.

The invention discloses a training method and a training model of an image enhancement network, and an image enhancement method. The training method of the image enhancement network comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of training image pairs; Inputting a first image in a training image pair to a pre-trained image generation network, outputting the image after a plurality of convolution processes, and calculating a first loss value of the output image relative to a corresponding second image in the training image pair according to the first loss function; Inputting an output image to a pre-trained image discrimination network, outputting a discrimination value after a plurality of convolution processes, and calculating a second loss value of the discrimination value relative to a preset tag value according to a second loss function; updating the network parameters of the image generation network and the image discrimination network in combination with the first and second loss values until the sum of the first loss value and the second loss value satisfies a predetermined condition, and the training is completed to obtain the trained image generation network as thetrained image enhancement network.

Method for designing transmission pulses for ultra-wideband communications systems. A preferred embodiment comprises specifying a spectral description for the pulse. After a spectral description is created, then an approximation of the pulse can be created and well known optimization techniques, such as the least squares technique, can be used to minimize the difference between the approximation and the pulse. If the communications system is operating in the presence of interferers, then the spectral mask can be modified to ensure that the approximation carries no signal information in frequencies corresponding to the interferers.

The present invention relates to a method and a system for controlling a permanent magnet excited, brushless, electronically commutated, three-phase electric motor (2) wherein a single-phase main AC voltage (UN) having a mains frequency (fN) is rectified and supplied to an inverter (8) via a slender intermediate circuit (6) containing no, or minimum, intermediate circuit reactance as intermediate circuit voltage (Uz) pulsating at double the mains frequency (2fN) which is actuated for powering and commutating the electric motor (2). Control takes place by means of a field-oriented current-space vector regulator, wherein a q-current (iq) as torque-forming component of the current-space vector (i) is regulated perpendicularly to the permanent magnetic field and a d-current (id) can be regulated as a field-influencing component of the current-space vector (i) in the direction of the permanent magnet field. In this case, dynamic field attenuation occurs, wherein the d-current (id) in the negative range is defined with a sinusoidal profile and at double the main frequency (2fN) and wherein the d-current (id) is regulated according to its phase position and its amplitude such that ripple of the q-current (iq) is minimized. Since the q-current as torque forming component is proportional to the torque, thus the torque ripple is also minimized, in spite of the strongly pulsating intermediate circuit voltage (Uz).

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional profile using a SEM, capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional profile of even a flat surface or a nearly vertical surface based on the inclination angle dependence of the amount of secondary electron image signal detected by the SEM. Specifically, a tilt image obtaining unit obtains a tilt image (a tilt secondary electron image) I(2) of flat regions a and c1 on a pattern to be measured by using an electron beam incident on the pattern from an observation direction φ(2). Then, profile measuring units presume the slope (or surface inclination angle) at each point on the pattern based on the obtained tilt image and integrate successively each presumed slope value (or surface inclination angle value) to measure three-dimensional profiles S2a and S2c. This arrangement allows a three-dimensional profile to be accurately measured.

A system and method for modeling metastability decay through latches in an integrated circuit model are provided. With the system and method, asynchronous clock boundaries are identified in the integrated circuit model and latches in a receive clock domain are enumerated. Latches within a range of the asynchronous clock boundary are selected for transformation. These latches are transformed into metastability decay latches using new latch primitive logic that models the decay of an indeterminate value. The metastability decay latches maintains an indeterminate value during a metastability time period and achieve a randomly selected logic value at the end of the metastability time period. The transformed integrated circuit model may then be simulated and the results analyzed to generate reports of the integrated circuit model's operation. The transformed integrate circuit model more accurately represents the actual operation of the hardware implementation of the integrated circuit model.

The invention discloses a method for designing an MIMO radar waveform and a transmitting antenna array, and relates to the technical field of radars. The method includes the steps that (1), the number Nt of transmitting antennas, the number Nr of receiving antennas, and the antenna aperture D of the transmitting antenna array of a centralized MIMO radar device are set; (2), the number Nt of the waveform and the length Ns of a code element of the centralized MIMO radar device are set; (3), the normalized detection angle frequency and the normalized suppression angle frequency of the centralized MIMO radar device are set; (4), an expected transmitting direction map is determined; (5), the objective function and constraint conditions of the centralized MIMO radar waveform and the transmitting antenna array are built; (6), the optimized centralized MIMO radar waveform S and the array element spacing vector Beta of the transmitting antenna array are solved through an optimization algorithm. The distance sidelobe and the angle sidelobe of the centralized MIMO radar waveform can be reduced, and the expected transmitting direction map can be approached better.

The invention provides a method for fusing multispectral and full-color images with light cloud. The problem that the cloud and mist area is interfered by a cloud layer after the multispectral and full-color images with light cloud are fused is mainly solved. The method comprises the following implementation steps of: sampling and filtering the multispectral image with light cloud, and obtaining background images of the multispectral and full-color images; respectively removing light cloud of the multispectral and full-color images with light cloud; performing PCA conversion on the multispectral image in which the cloud is removed, and performing Shearlet decomposition on the converted first principal component image and the full-color image; taking a low-frequency coefficient of the first principal component as a low-frequency coefficient of a fusion component, and taking a high-frequency coefficient of the full-color image as a high-frequency coefficient of the fusion component; and performing reversible PCA conversion on the fusion component and the other components subjected to the PCA conversion, and obtaining the fusion image. The method has the advantages of high definition of light cloud area of the fusion image and high spectrum retainability and can be used for military target recognition, weather and environment monitoring, land utilization, urban planning and prevention and reduction of natural disasters.

The invention discloses a land cover classification method based on MODIS time series data, and relates to the field of land cover classifying. The land cover classification method aims at solving the problems that as for a traditional method, the using time is long, the minus deviation of the vegetation index is generated, and the accuracy of an SG reestablishment result is reduced. The land cover classification method based on the MODIS time series data specifically includes the following steps: (1) building an original curve; (2) carrying out filtering on the original curve to form an initial curve in a fitted mode; (3) building a cloudless image two-dimensional array of pixels of the initial curve; (4) setting a threshold value T, wherein Y is not equal to y; (5) processing the initial curve; (6) obtaining a rebuilt NDVI annual variation curve; (7) extracting vegetation growth season parameters for forming a feature image; (8) determining a final voting classification result. The land cover classification method is used for the land cover classification field based on the MODIS time series data.