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364 results about "Context model" patented technology
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A context model (or context modeling) defines how context data are structured and maintained (It plays a key role in supporting efficient context management). It aims to produce a formal or semi-formal description of the context information that is present in a context-aware system. In other words, the context is the surrounding element for the system, and a model provides the mathematical interface and a behavioral description of the surrounding environment.
Video frame encoding and decoding
ActiveUS20050169374A1Improve effectivenessDecrease in code efficiencyColor television with pulse code modulationColor television with bandwidth reductionAdaptive encodingContext model
A video frame arithmetical context adaptive encoding and decoding scheme is presented which is based on the finding, that, for sake of a better definition of neighborhood between blocks of picture samples, i.e. the neighboring block which the syntax element to be coded or decoded relates to and the current block based on the attribute of which the assignment of a context model is conducted, and when the neighboring block lies beyond the borders or circumference of the current macroblock containing the current block, it is important to make the determination of the macroblock containing the neighboring block dependent upon as to whether the current macroblock pair region containing the current block is of a first or a second distribution type, i.e., frame or field coded.
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
Parallel CABAC Decoding Using Entropy Slices
InactiveUS20100098155A1Color television with pulse code modulationColor television with bandwidth reductionVideo encodingContext model
A method of video encoding is provided that includes performing context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) on a plurality of syntax element values in a slice to generate a plurality of entropy-encoded syntax element values, generating an entropy slice header to identify the plurality of entropy-encoded syntax element values as an entropy slice, wherein the entropy slice header comprises context model initialization information, and outputting the entropy slice header and the plurality of entropy encoded syntax element values.
Owner:TEXAS INSTR INC
Unsupervised learning of paraphrase/translation alternations and selective application thereof
InactiveUS20060106595A1Without any changeNatural language translationSemantic analysisData setParaphrase
A system is disclosed for selectively applying a paraphrase alternation pattern to a textual input. The system includes a pattern identification component for processing a collection of data and identifying a plurality of potentially applicable paraphrase alternation patterns. A context model provides an objective frame of reference in which to compare one or more of the plurality of potentially applicable paraphrase alternation patterns to the textual input to determine whether the pattern can be applied without changing meaning. A language model provides a principled basis for determining the boundaries of the text segment to be modified.
Owner:MICROSOFT TECH LICENSING LLC
Method and apparatus for adaptively selecting context model for entropy coding
ActiveUS20060233254A1Reduce amountColor television with pulse code modulationColor television with bandwidth reductionComputer architectureContext model
A method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a context model for entropy coding and a video decoder are provided. A method of coding a residual prediction flag indicating whether residual data for an enhancement layer block of a multi-layered video signal is predicted from residual data for a lower layer block corresponding to the residual data for the enhancement layer block includes the steps of calculating the energy of the residual data for the lower layer block, determining a coding method for the residual prediction flag according to the energy, and coding the residual prediction flag using the determined coding method.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
System and method for developing, updating, and using user device behavioral context models to modify user, device, and application state, settings and behavior for enhanced user security
ActiveUS8655307B1Reduce battery usageImprove battery usageEnergy efficient ICTPower managementUser deviceContext model
Security is enhanced for a user of a mobile device by monitoring and controlling resource usage. Usage information associated with a mobile device is collected. The collected information is used to build a usage model for a user of the mobile device that describes a set of contexts in which the mobile device is used. User activity on the device is monitored and the model is consulted to determine a first time after which it will be acceptable for a battery of the mobile device to fall below a threshold charge level. Based on the monitored activity, a prediction of a second time is made for when the battery will fall below the threshold charge level. If the second time is before or a predetermined amount of time before the first time, usage of the battery is reduced, else, usage of the battery is not reduced.
Owner:LOOKOUT MOBILE SECURITY
Unsupervised learning of paraphrase/ translation alternations and selective application thereof
InactiveUS20060106592A1Natural language data processingSpecial data processing applicationsParaphraseContext model
A computer-implemented method is disclosed for determining whether to apply a given paraphrase alternation pattern to an input string. The method includes generating a context model and applying the context model to determine whether the given paraphrase alternation pattern can be applied to the input string so as to preserve meaning.
Owner:MICROSOFT TECH LICENSING LLC
Arithmetic coding for transforming video and picture data units
ActiveUS7379608B2Improve compression efficiencyIncrease the compression ratioCharacter and pattern recognitionTelevision systemsProbability estimationContext model
A method for encoding a video frame or picture comprises dividing up the video frame or the picture in portions of a first type associated with a first scanning pattern, and portions of a second type associated with a second scanning pattern. Data corresponding to a predetermined of the portions of the video frame or picture is transformed into a two-dimensional transform coefficient array. Fhe transform coefficients are precoded in order to obtain transform data units. One of a first and a second set of context models is chosen depending on as to whether the predetermined portion is a portion of a type being associated with the first or the second scanning pattern. One context model of the chosen one of the first and the second set of context models is assigned to the transform data unit based on the scanning position assigned to the predetermined transform coefficient. Finally, the transform data unit or a sub-unit thereof is arithmetically encoded into a coded bit stream based on the probability estimation with which the assigned context model is associated.
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
System, method and program product for providing automatic speech recognition (ASR) in a shared resource environment
InactiveUS9043208B2Improve speech recognition performanceLeveling precisionSpeech recognitionContext modelAmbiguity
A speech recognition system, method of recognizing speech and a computer program product therefor. A client device identified with a context for an associated user selectively streams audio to a provider computer, e.g., a cloud computer. Speech recognition receives streaming audio, maps utterances to specific textual candidates and determines a likelihood of a correct match for each mapped textual candidate. A context model selectively winnows candidate to resolve recognition ambiguity according to context whenever multiple textual candidates are recognized as potential matches for the same mapped utterance. Matches are used to update the context model, which may be used for multiple users in the same context.
Owner:INT BUSINESS MASCH CORP
Lossless Data Compression Using Adaptive Context Modeling
The present invention is a system and method for lossless compression of data. The invention consists of a neural network data compression comprised of N levels of neural network using a weighted average of N pattern-level predictors. This new concept uses context mixing algorithms combined with network learning algorithm models. The invention replaces the PPM predictor, which matches the context of the last few characters to previous occurrences in the input, with an N-layer neural network trained by back propagation to assign pattern probabilities when given the context as input. The N-layer network described below, learns and predicts in a single pass, and compresses a similar quantity of patterns according to their adaptive context models generated in real-time. The context flexibility of the present invention ensures that the described system and method is suited for compressing any type of data, including inputs of combinations of different data types.
Owner:INFIMA
Coding of a syntax element contained in a pre-coded video signal
ActiveUS20050074176A1Increase the compression ratioImprove approximationCode conversionCharacter and pattern recognitionPrecodingPattern recognition
A method for encoding a syntax element contained in a precoded video signal into a coded bit stream, the precoded video signal representing at least one video frame, the syntax element being associated with a predetermined portion of the video frame and being indicative of as to whether the predetermined portion of the video frame is precoded in a first or a second way into the precoded video signal is described. The method comprises investigating as to whether a neighboring portion of the video frame neighboring the predetermined portion is precoded in the first way or the second way, in order to obtain a binary value; assigning one of at least two context models to the predetermined portion of the video frame based on the binary value, wherein each context model is associated with a different probability estimation; and arithmetically encoding the syntax element into the coded bit stream based on the probability estimation with which the assigned context model is associated.
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
Method and apparatus for providing voice recognition service to a wireless communication device
InactiveUS20020178003A1Devices with voice recognitionSubstation equipmentCommunications systemContext model
A wireless communication system employs a method and apparatus for providing voice recognition service to a wireless communication device. Voice recognition information (e.g., a context model and voice training parameters) is generated by a wireless device user and stored in a memory (e.g., a SIM card) of the wireless device to form one portion of a voice recognition processing engine. Another portion of the voice recognition processing engine (e.g., a voice recognition processor and operating software therefor) is implemented in a wireless system infrastructure of the wireless communication system. The wireless device transmits the voice recognition information to the system infrastructure preferably upon request for such information by the system infrastructure. The system infrastructure then uses both portions of the voice recognition processing engine to provide voice recognition service to the wireless device and its user during operation of the wireless device.
Owner:MOTOROLA INC
Coding of a syntax element contained in a pre-coded video signal
ActiveUS7286710B2Increase the compression ratioImprove approximationCode conversionCharacter and pattern recognitionPrecodingPattern recognition
A method for encoding a syntax element contained in a precoded video signal into a coded bit stream, the precoded video signal representing at least one video frame, the syntax element being associated with a predetermined portion of the video frame and being indicative of as to whether the predetermined portion of the video frame is precoded in a first or a second way into the precoded video signal is described. The method comprises investigating as to whether a neighboring portion of the video frame neighboring the predetermined portion is precoded in the first way or the second way, in order to obtain a binary value; assigning one of at least two context models to the predetermined portion of the video frame based on the binary value, wherein each context model is associated with a different probability estimation; and arithmetically encoding the syntax element into the coded bit stream based on the probability estimation with which the assigned context model is associated.
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
System and method for using context models to control operation of a mobile communications device
ActiveUS20140128021A1Reduce battery usageIncrease usagePower managementDigital data processing detailsContext modelMobile device
Owner:LOOKOUT MOBILE SECURITY
Video frame encoding and decoding
ActiveUS20090074057A1Improve compression efficiencyImprove effectivenessColor television with pulse code modulationColor television with bandwidth reductionAlgorithmAdaptive encoding
A video frame arithmetical context adaptive encoding and decoding scheme is presented which is based on the finding, that, for sake of a better definition of neighborhood between blocks of picture samples, i.e. the neighboring block which the syntax element to be coded or decoded relates to and the current block based on the attribute of which the assignment of a context model is conducted, and when the neighboring block lies beyond the borders or circumference of the current macroblock containing the current block, it is important to make the determination of the macroblock containing the neighboring block dependent upon as to whether the current macroblock pair region containing the current block is of a first or a second distribution type, i.e., frame or field coded.
Owner:FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
Methods of and apparatuses for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding for scalable video encoding
ActiveUS20060158355A1Improve efficiencyAnalogue/digital conversionElectric signal transmission systemsVideo encodingContext model
Methods and apparatuses are provided for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding using various context models. A scalable entropy encoding method includes determining a context by referring to both syntax elements in the same layer as a block including a syntax element to be encoded and syntax elements in lower layers or only the syntax elements in the lower layers and performing entropy encoding on the syntax element using the determined context.
Owner:SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY +1
Generating a service-oriented architecture policy based on a context model
ActiveUS20090281996A1Stay flexibleImprove usabilityDigital data processing detailsRequirement analysisAction semanticsContext model
A solution for generating a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) policy based on a context model is provided, which generates an application scope of the SOA policy; generates a context model; generates an action list for the context model based on action semantic modules customized by a user; generates a condition part of the SOA policy according to the context module; generates an action part of the SOA policy according to the action list; and combines the condition part and the action part to generate the SOA policy.
Owner:IBM CORP
Feature identification of events in multimedia
InactiveUS20050251532A1Useful in detectionTelevision system detailsDigital data information retrievalFeature vectorSlide window
A method detects events in multimedia. Features are extracted from the multimedia. The features are sampled using a sliding window to obtain samples. A context model is constructed for each sample. The context models form a time series. An affinity matrix is determined from the time series models and a commutative distance metric between each pair of context models. A second generalized eigenvector is determined for the affinity matrix, and the samples are then clustered into events according to the second generalized eigenvector.
Owner:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RES LAB INC
Method of decoding bin values using pipeline architecture and decoding device therefor
InactiveUS20070115154A1Pulse modulation television signal transmissionCode conversionContext modelTheoretical computer science
A method and device for decoding bin values using a pipeline architecture in a CABAC decoder are provided. The method includes reading a first context model required to decode a first bin value, from a memory; determining whether a second context model required to decode a second bin value is the same as the first context model, while decoding the first bin value using the first context model; determining whether a third context model required to decode a third bin value is the same as the second context model, while decoding the second bin value using the second context model, if it is determined that the second context model is the same as the first context model; and reading the second context model from the memory, if it is determined that the second context model is not the same as the first context model.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Coding device and method, decoding device and method, recording medium, and program
ActiveUS20050219069A1Picture reproducers using cathode ray tubesCode conversionFrame basedImage compression
The present invention relates to, for example, an encoding apparatus and an encoding method, a decoding apparatus and a decoding method, a recording medium, and a program suitable for encoding image signals with a higher compression ratio for transmission or accumulation. In an arithmetic coding section (58), from among the syntax elements of input image compression information, the frame / field flag is first encoded by a frame / field flag context model (91). When the macroblock to be processed is subjected to frame-based encoding, a frame-based context model (92), specified in the current H.26L standard, is applied. On the other hand, when the macroblock to be processed is subjected to field-based encoding, a field-based context model (94) is applied for the syntax elements described below. The present invention is applied to an encoder for encoding image information and a decoder for decoding image information.
Owner:SONY CORP
System And Method For Compressing And Reconstructing Audio Files
InactiveUS20080243518A1Easy to calculateExpand the range of equipmentSpeech analysisFrequency spectrumWaveform shaping
A system and method for the improved compression of audio signals and the restoration and enhancement of audio recordings missing high frequency content. In the preferred embodiment the different context models are applied to increase the compression ratio of spectral information, quantization coefficients and other information. Context models and arithmetic compression are used for final compression. The time-frequency amplitude envelope and degree of tonality parameters are extracted from the low frequency component. An estimate of the high frequency component is performed by applying a multiband distortion effect, waveshaping, to the low frequency content. Control of tonality is achieved by varying the number of bands within the multiband framework. A filterbank is used that roughly shapes the reconstructed high frequency component according to an estimation of the most probable shape.
Owner:SOUND GENETICS INC
Collaborative-filtering contextual model optimized for an objective function for recommending items
ActiveUS20080120339A1Optimize objective functionOffice automationSpecial data processing applicationsItem CollectionContext model
Owner:YAHOO ASSETS LLC
Methods of and apparatuses for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding for scalable video encoding
InactiveCN101099391AImprove coding efficiencyTelevision systemsDigital video signal modificationVideo encodingContext model
Methods and apparatuses are provided for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding using various context models. A scalable entropy encoding method includes determining a context by referring to both syntax elements in the same layer as a block including a syntax element to be encoded and syntax elements in lower layers or only the syntax elements in the lower layers and performing entropy encoding on the syntax element using the determined context.
Owner:SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY +1
Collaborative-filtering contextual model optimized for an objective function for recommending items
Methods and apparatus for a recommendation system based on collaborative filtering is provided. Explicit and implicit ratings of items by network users are used to create a contextual model. The explicit ratings comprise different rating types regarding different item attributes. The implicit ratings comprise different rating types derived from different user events and may include recency, intensity, or frequency ratings. The contextual model may be optimized for a specific objective function, such as click-through-rate or conversion rate. In other embodiments, item information is used to produce a content model where item information for an item is encoded as metadata into a document that represents the item. The contextual or content model is used to recommend one or more items to a current user. The basic unit of the recommendation system may be an item set of two or more items or a particular sequence of two or more items.
Owner:YAHOO ASSETS LLC
Methods of and apparatuses for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding for scalable video encoding
ActiveUS7262721B2Improve efficiencyAnalogue/digital conversionElectric signal transmission systemsVideo encodingContext model
Methods and apparatuses are provided for adaptive entropy encoding and adaptive entropy decoding using various context models. A scalable entropy encoding method includes determining a context by referring to both syntax elements in the same layer as a block including a syntax element to be encoded and syntax elements in lower layers or only the syntax elements in the lower layers and performing entropy encoding on the syntax element using the determined context.
Owner:SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY +1
Entropy coding method and decoding method based on text
InactiveCN1980395AReduce redundancyHigh compressibilityTelevision systemsDigital video signal modificationDecoding methodsNonzero coefficients
The method includes following steps: scanning DCT coefficient blocks according to sequence so as to obtain last one nonzero coefficient (NC) and the coefficient in front of the last one NC in coefficient block, and number value of NC; based on the number value of NC to calculate difference value between number value of NC in this block and number value of NC in adjacent block, and constructing context model for number value of NC; calculating flag bit of NC for last one NC and coefficients before the last one NC; selecting context model to encode flag bit of NC; subtracting 1 from absolute value of NC according to scanning sequence or scanning inverted sequence; and selecting context model to encode number value of NC, and its position in the scan etc; encoding sign bit. The invention also discloses corresponding decoding method.
Owner:联合信源数字音视频技术(北京)有限公司
System, method and program product for providing automatic speech recognition (ASR) in a shared resource environment
InactiveUS20140025380A1Improve speech recognition performanceLeveling precisionSpeech recognitionContext modelAmbiguity
A speech recognition system, method of recognizing speech and a computer program product therefor. A client device identified with a context for an associated user selectively streams audio to a provider computer, e.g., a cloud computer. Speech recognition receives streaming audio, maps utterances to specific textual candidates and determines a likelihood of a correct match for each mapped textual candidate. A context model selectively winnows candidate to resolve recognition ambiguity according to context whenever multiple textual candidates are recognized as potential matches for the same mapped utterance. Matches are used to update the context model, which may be used for multiple users in the same context.
Owner:IBM CORP
Adaptation of context models
InactiveUS20130238535A1Particular environment based servicesDigital computer detailsContext modelComputer program
There is disclosed a method including receiving sensor data extracted from one or more physical sensors, using the extracted sensor data and a context model to perform a first level context determination, and examining the at least one condition. If the examining indicated that the at least one condition was fulfilled, the context model is adapted on the basis of the sensor data, otherwise adaptation data formed on the basis of the sensor data is provided to a second level context determination. A corresponding apparatus and computer program product are also provided.
Owner:PIECE FUTURE PTE LTD
Method and apparatus for providing a generic interface context model
InactiveUS20110093818A1Improve abilitiesComputer security arrangementsOffice automationContext modelData provider
An apparatus for providing a generic interface context model may include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least defining a set of generic interfaces independent of any particular event scheme in which the generic interfaces include at least root node interfaces and provider node interfaces that support security classes, and enabling data providers and consumer applications to access a context model via the generic interfaces. The context model includes an object registry providing an object representation of properties of respective ones of the data providers.
Owner:NOKIA CORP
Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding image using pixel-based context model
InactiveUS20080232706A1Easy to compressImprove compression efficiencyCharacter and pattern recognitionDigital video signal modificationContext modelComputer vision
A method and apparatus for encoding and decoding an image are provided. The method includes selecting a context model by referring to previously encoded pixels that are adjacent to the current pixel for entropy-encoding a binary value of a pixel value of the current pixel, and entropy-encoding the binary value using the selected context model, thereby performing entropy-coding with high compression efficiency.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Context-based adaptive arithmetic coding and decoding methods and apparatuses with improved coding efficiency and video coding and decoding methods and apparatuses using the same
InactiveUS20060233240A1Improve coding efficiencyColor television with pulse code modulationColor television with bandwidth reductionContext modelVideo encoding
Context-based adaptive arithmetic coding and decoding methods and apparatuses with improved coding efficiency using the same are provided. The context-based adaptive arithmetic coding method includes resetting a context model for the given slice to a context model for a slice coded temporally before the given slice, arithmetically encoding a data symbol of the given slice using the reset context model, and updating the context model using a value of the data symbol. The context-based adaptive arithmetic decoding method includes resetting a context model for the given slice to a context model coded temporally before the given slice, arithmetically decoding a bitstream corresponding to the given slice using the reset context model to generate a data symbol of the given slice, and updating the context model using a value of the data symbol.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
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