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1912 results about "Side lobe" patented technology
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In antenna engineering, side lobes or sidelobes are the lobes (local maxima) of the far field radiation pattern of an antenna or other radiation source, that are not the main lobe. The radiation pattern of most antennas shows a pattern of "lobes" at various angles, directions where the radiated signal strength reaches a maximum, separated by "nulls", angles at which the radiated signal strength falls to zero. This can be viewed as the diffraction pattern of the antenna. In a directional antenna in which the objective is to emit the radio waves in one direction, the lobe in that direction is designed to have a larger field strength than the others; this is the "main lobe". The other lobes are called "side lobes", and usually represent unwanted radiation in undesired directions. The side lobe directly behind the main lobe is called the back lobe. The longer the antenna relative to the radio wavelength, the more lobes its radiation pattern has. In transmitting antennas, excessive side lobe radiation wastes energy and may cause interference to other equipment. Another disadvantage is that confidential information may be picked up by unintended receivers. In receiving antennas, side lobes may pick up interfering signals, and increase the noise level in the receiver.
Phased array metamaterial antenna system
ActiveUS6958729B1Reduce sidelobeIncrease amplitude performanceSimultaneous aerial operationsRadiating elements structural formsSolid substratePhased array
Owner:LUCENT TECH INC
Antenna system
InactiveUS7023400B2Reduce decreaseMinimizing signal looping effectLogperiodic antennasAntenna supports/mountingsDirectional antennaSide lobe
An antenna system that includes a directional antenna designed to reduce the occurrence of side lobes, thus reducing the possibility of interference with other radio frequencies is disclosed. The directional antenna includes an antenna member and a reflecting tube. The reflective tube is sleeved over the antenna member. The reflective serves to block unwanted radial side lobes. The directional antenna can also include provisions that assist in suspending the antenna member within the reflective tube.
Owner:BELLSOUTH INTPROP COR
Lens antenna
ActiveUS20160087344A1Precise positioningDifferential interacting antenna combinationsRadio relayImpedance matching
Disclosed is a lens antenna comprising a dielectric lens consisting of a collimating part and an extension part, and an antenna element. The extension part of the lens comprises a substantially flat surface crossed by the axis of the collimating part, and the antenna element is rigidly fixed on the surface. The antenna element is formed by a hollow waveguide and comprises a dielectric insert with one end thereof adjacent to said surface; the size of the radiating opening of the waveguide is determined by the predefined width of the main beam and by side lobe levels of the radiation pattern of the lens antenna. The technical result of the invention is an increase in realized gain value due to the use of a waveguide antenna element with a dielectric insert, which provides impedance matching in a wide frequency bandwidth. The present invention can be used in radio-relay point-to-point communication systems, e.g. for forming backhaul networks of cellular mobile communication, in car radars and other radars, in microwave RF tags, in local and personal communication systems, in satellite and intersatellite communication systems, etc.
Owner:OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOJ OTVETSTVENNOSTYU RADIO GIGABIT
Confocal self-interference microscopy from which side lobe has been removed
The present invention relates to confocal self-interference microscopy. The confocal self-interference microscopy further includes a first polarizer for polarizing reflected or fluorescent light from a specimen, a first birefringence wave plate for separating the light from the first polarizer into two beams along a polarizing direction, a second polarizer for polarizing the two beams from the first birefringence wave plate, a second birefringence wave plate for separating the two beams from the second polarizer into four beams along the polarizing direction, and a third polarizer for polarizing the four beams from the second birefringence wave plate, in the existing confocal microscopy. Optic-axes of the first and second birefringence wave plates exist on the same plane, optic-axes of the first and second birefringence wave plates are inclined from an optical axis of the entire optical system at a predetermined angle, and self-interference spatial periods of the first and second birefringence wave plates are different from each other.
Owner:KOREA ADVANCED INST OF SCI & TECH
Radio frequency lens and method of suppressing side-lobes
ActiveUS7777690B2Weaken energyImproves Structural IntegrityAntennasPhotonic crystal structureCrystal structure
An RF lens according to the present invention embodiments collimates an RF beam by refracting the beam into a beam profile that is diffraction-limited. The lens is constructed of a lightweight mechanical arrangement of two or more materials, where the materials are arranged to form a photonic crystal structure (e.g., a series of holes defined within a parent material). The lens includes impedance matching layers, while an absorptive or apodizing mask is applied to the lens to create a specific energy profile across the lens. The impedance matching layers and apodizing mask similarly include a photonic crystal structure. The energy profile function across the lens aperture is continuous, while the derivatives of the energy distribution function are similarly continuous. This lens arrangement produces a substantial reduction in the amount of energy that is transmitted in the side-lobes of an RF system.
Owner:HARRIS CORP
Phased array metamaterial antenna system
ActiveUS20050225492A1Low Sidelobe PerformanceReduce sidelobeRadiating elements structural formsWaveguidesSolid substratePhased array
An efficient, low-loss, low sidelobe, high dynamic range phased-array radar antenna system is disclosed that uses metamaterials, which are manmade composite materials having a negative index of refraction, to create a biconcave lens architecture (instead of the aforementioned biconvex lens) for focusing the microwaves transmitted by the antenna. Accordingly, the sidelobes of the antenna are reduced. Attenuation across microstrip transmission lines may be reduced by using low loss transmission lines that are suspended above a ground plane a predetermined distance in a way such they are not in contact with a solid substrate. By suspending the microstrip transmission lines in this manner, dielectric signal loss is reduced significantly, thus resulting in a less-attenuated signal at its destination.
Owner:LUCENT TECH INC
Heptagonal antenna array system
InactiveUS7710346B2Increased sidelobe rejectionIncreased rejectIndividually energised antenna arraysTime delaysSide lobe
Owner:THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION
Multiple channel ballast and networkable topology and system including power line carrier applications
InactiveUS7009348B2Efficient qualityExtend lamp lifeAnalogue/digital conversionElectric light circuit arrangementLoop controlElectric power system
Control systems and methods for independent control of power systems, particularly lighting network branches, and separate control of individual branch components. Multi-branch systems comprise independently controllable branches that inter-communicate via PLC communications. In each branch, components such as ballasts, local control units, sensors, actuators, and repeaters, may exchange commands and queries independently of a branch remote control unit (BRCU). Alternatively, a BRCU may manage or arbitrate communications, or interact with other BRCUs, other control units and external management systems. Ballasts include a multi-channel ballast that enables close-loop control of individual fixtures, or of individual dimmable or non-dimmable lamps within a fixture. The close-loop control is facilitated by sampling circuits / sensors co-located with each controlled fixture or lamp. All controllers are preferably implemented using an integrated digital controller. The PLC communication is preferably carried out by a direct spread spectrum method that eliminates side lobes from a cross-correlation function, using an anti-collision protocol.
Owner:S T L ENERGY SOLUTIONS & TECH
Method of converting resolution of video signals and apparatus using the same
ActiveUS20050134731A1Television system detailsGeometric image transformationImage resolutionGaussian function
A method converts a resolution of video signals, the method including: calculating up-sampling and down-sampling ratios based on a resolution of an input video signal and a desired resolution of an output video signal; calculating a number of filter tabs by multiplying the up-sampling and down-sampling ratios by a number of side lobes; calculating first filter coefficients of a same number of the filter tabs by multiplying a window function by a sinc function; calculating final filter coefficients by subtracting a result of a multiplication of a Gaussian function by a window function from the first filter coefficients, and then normalizing the final filter coefficients; and performing filtering in vertical and horizontal directions based on the final filter coefficients by modifying a sampling rate of an input video signal depending on the up-sampling and down-sampling ratios, to obtain clear video images.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Adaptive transmission and interference cancellation for MIMO radar
ActiveUS9689967B1Reducing self-interferenceReduce the impactModulated-carrier systemsTransmission monitoringRadar systemsSide lobe
A radar system has different modes of operation. In one mode the radar operates as a single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) radar system utilizing one transmitted signal from one antenna at a time. Codes with known excellent autocorrelation properties are utilized in this mode. At each receiver the response after correlating with various possible transmitted signals is measured in order to estimate the interference that each transmitter will represent at each receiver. The estimated effect of the interference from one transmitter on a receiver that correlates with a different code is used to mitigate the interference. In another mode, the radar operates as a MIMO radar system utilizing all the antennas at a time. Interference cancellation of the non-ideal cross correlation sidelobes when transmitting in the MIMO mode are employed to remove ghost targets due to unwanted sidelobes.
Owner:UHNDER INC
Digital beamforming for an electronically scanned radar system
ActiveUS20070001897A1Improve performanceLow costParticular array feeding systemsRadio transmissionRadar systemsGrating lobe
Digital beamforming is provided for use with electronically scanned radar. In an aspect, the present invention provides enhanced sensitivity, wide angle or field of view (FOV) coverage with narrow beams, minimized number of receivers, reduced sidelobes, eliminated grating lobes and beam compensation for target motion. In an aspect, the present invention employs a uniform overlapped subarray feed network, a time multiplexed switch matrix, and a restructured digital signal processor. Antenna channels share a receiver, rather than maintain a dedicated receiver for each antenna element, as in conventional systems. In an aspect, Doppler / frequency filtering is performed on each antenna element or subarray output prior to digital beamforming. Further, Doppler compensation is employed following Doppler / frequency filtering, followed by digital beamforming.
Owner:APTIV TECH LTD
Dual-Beam Sector Antenna and Array
ActiveUS20110205119A1Less interferenceBetter cell efficiencyAntenna supports/mountingsIndividually energised antenna arraysDual beamSide lobe
A low sidelobe beam forming method and dual-beam antenna schematic are disclosed, which may preferably be used for 3-sector and 6-sector cellular communication system. Complete antenna combines 2-, 3- or -4 columns dual-beam sub-arrays (modules) with improved beam-forming network (BFN). The modules may be used as part of an array, or as an independent 2-beam antenna. By integrating different types of modules to form a complete array, the present invention provides an improved dual-beam antenna with improved azimuth sidelobe suppression in a wide frequency band of operation, with improved coverage of a desired cellular sector and with less interference being created with other cells. Advantageously, a better cell efficiency is realized with up to 95% of the radiated power being directed in a desired cellular sector.
Owner:COMMSCOPE TECH LLC
Vertical electrical downtilt antenna
InactiveUS20050012665A1Emission reductionAntenna arraysAntenna supports/mountingsElectricityEngineering
A dual-polarization wireless base station antenna that implements vertical electrical downtilt and sidelobe reduction using beam steering circuit that includes a variable power divider and a multi-beam beam forming network. The variable power divider includes a single adjustable control element to divide an input voltage signal into a pair of complimentary amplitude voltage drive signals that exhibit matched phase and constant phase delay through the variable power divider. The beam forming network is configured as a double-sided, edge-connected microstrip module mounted to a main panel, which support the antenna elements in a vertical column organized into sub-arrays in a manner that implements sidelobe reduction. The power distribution network connecting the beam steering network to the antenna elements implements beam tilt bias and sidelobe reduction through coordinated phase shifting implemented through transmission media trace length adjustment.
Owner:ARINC +1
Ultrasound 3D imaging system
InactiveUS20120179044A1Reduce the amount requiredImproved harmonic imagingOrgan movement/changes detectionInfrasonic diagnosticsSonificationEngineering
The present invention relates to an ultrasound imaging system in which the scan head includes a beamformer circuit that performs far field subarray beamforming or includes a sparse array selecting circuit that actuates selected elements. When using a hierarchical two-stage or three-stage beamforming system, three dimensional ultrasound images can be generated in real-time. The invention further relates to flexible printed circuit boards in the probe head. The invention furthermore relates to the use of coded or spread spectrum signalling in ultrasound imaging systems. Matched filters based on pulse compression using Golay code pairs improve the signal-to-noise ratio thus enabling third harmonic imaging with suppressed sidelobes. The system is suitable for 3D full volume cardiac imaging.
Owner:TERATECH CORP
Spread spectrum signal detection with inhibiting for known sidelobe locations
A method and apparatus for detecting a spread spectrum signal is described. Signals can be detected using correlation techniques. When a signal is detected, declaring of signal presence is inhibited for offsets of signal parameters from the parameters of the detected signal, where the offset corresponds to a known sidelobe of the spreading code. This helps to reduce false detections caused by sidelobes of the spreading code.
Owner:L3 TECH INC
Method and device of peak detection in preamble synchronization for direct sequence spread spectrum communication
ActiveUS20090323766A1Accurate estimateSpecial service for subscribersTime-division multiplexMultipath interferenceNoise level
A spread-spectrum preamble synchronization peak detection system performs multiple statistical tests based on instant and time-averaged channel condition measurements to identify the synchronization peak. In a normalized peak-to-average test, a peak-to-average ratio measurement is normalized by a signal-to-noise ratio measurement to form a new statistical measure which effectively eliminates the impact of the wide dynamic range of the signal-to-noise ratio of the received samples. A transition SNR test is used to eliminate potential false alarms caused by spurious PARN peaks during the transition period at the onset of preamble arrival. Code-phase aligned time-averaging is used to estimate the signal and noise levels over a sliding window. The code-phase alignment of samples effectively separates signal and noise samples in the averaging process, and resulting in more accurate signal and noise measurements. In estimating noise levels, the system takes multi-path interference into account by excluding both the peak signal and the side-lobe signals caused by multi-path wireless channels, resulting in more accurate estimation of noise level.
Owner:THE BOEING CO
Multi-element amplitude and phase compensated antenna array with adaptive pre-distortion for wireless network
InactiveUS20100311353A1Improve efficiencyImprove maximizationResonant long antennasHigh frequency amplifiersRadiation patternHigh power amplifier
An improved communication system and method employing an actively controlled antenna array architecture is disclosed. The array contains a plurality of driven radiating elements that are spatially arranged having a pair of radiating elements fed with an RF signal predistorted so as to provide a controlled variation of the antenna array's elevation radiation pattern. High power amplifier (PA) efficiency is maintained by adaptive predistortion, coupled to each high power PA, while providing beam tilt and side lobe control.
Owner:INTEL CORP
Printability verification by progressive modeling accuracy
InactiveUS7512927B2Computationally efficientImprove accuracyPhotomechanical apparatusOriginals for photomechanical treatmentResistSide lobe
A fast method of verifying a lithographic mask design is provided wherein catastrophic errors are identified by iteratively simulating and verifying images for the mask layout using progressively more accurate image models, including optical and resist models. Progressively accurate optical models include SOCS kernels that provide successively less influence. Corresponding resist models are constructed that may include only SOCS kernel terms corresponding to the optical model, or may include image trait terms of varying influence ranges. Errors associated with excessive light, such as bridging, side-lobe or SRAF printing errors, are preferably identified with bright field simulations, while errors associated with insufficient light, such as necking or line-end shortening overlay errors, are preferably identified with dark field simulations.
Owner:GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC
System and method for microwave imaging with suppressed sidelobes using a sparse antenna array
ActiveUS20070013575A1Suppresses sidelobesGeological detection using milimetre wavesRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSide lobeLighting system
A microwave imaging system suppresses sidelobes in a microwave image captured using a sparse antenna array using an illumination system that operates in two different illumination modes. The antenna array including subarrays of antenna elements arranged in a sparse geometry to form complementary subarray patterns. The illumination system operates in a first mode to transmit microwave illumination to both of the complementary subarray patterns of the antenna array and receive reflected microwave illumination from both of the complementary subarray patterns of the antenna array to produce a first receive signal. The illumination system further operates in a second mode to transmit microwave illumination to a first one of the complementary subarray patterns of the antenna array and receive reflected microwave illumination from a second one of the complementary subarray patterns of the antenna array to produce a second receive signal. Sidelobes are suppressed using a linear combination of the first and second receive signals.
Owner:AGILENT TECH INC
Orthogonal linear transmit receive array radar
ActiveUS8248298B2High resolution imageIndividually energised antenna arraysPolarised antenna unit combinationsRadar systemsSide lobe
Owner:FIRST RF CORP
Optical waveguide with non-uniform sidewall gratings
A diffraction grating of non-uniform strength is introduced into an optical waveguide by modulating its width. The waveguide may be fabricated using one of several planar processing techniques. Varying the size, position, and / or thickness of the grating teeth provides the desired variation of grating strength. Certain functional variations of grating strength suppress side-lobe levels in the grating reflection and transmission spectra. This process, termed apodization, is necessary for precise wavelength filtering and dispersion compensation. If desired, different periodicity gratings can be introduced in each side of the waveguide, multiple periodicities can be superimposed, the grating can be angled with respect to the waveguide, and the grating period and phase can be varied.
Owner:MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH
Signal processing device for acoustic transducer array
ActiveUS20050041530A1Weaken energyMinimize the numberMicrophonesTransducers for sound channels pluralityTransducerVariable window
The invention provides transducer arrays which are capable of outputting sound beams having a relatively constant width, and with minimal sidelobes, across a range of frequencies. This is achieved by utilising one or more digital signal modifiers within the signal path between the input sound signal and the array of transducers. Variable window functions are also disclosed.
Owner:YAMAHA CORP
Multi-target detection method based on short-time Fourier transform and fractional Fourier transform
InactiveCN102866391AHigh-resolutionSolve the separation problemWave based measurement systemsMulti methodFrequency modulation
The invention discloses a multi-target detection method based on short-time Fourier transform and fractional Fourier transform, which belongs to the technical field of the radar target detection. The method comprises the following steps that the short-time Fourier transform is firstly used for conducting the primary detection on a signal, then a binaryzation method is used for processing a primary detection result, phase position of the signal is kept in the processing, the fractional Fourier transform is used for detecting a signal after being restored by the short-time Fourier transform, by adopting multiple methods for combined processing, advantages of overcoming phenomenon that a strong signal side lobe presses a weak signal main lobe, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal to be detected, and solving the problem of the large false alarm possibility which is caused by adopting traditional method to detect the signal at the low signal-to-noise ratio can be realized; and meanwhile, an image contrast method and a gradual elimination method are adopted, multiple strong signals and weak signals with different or identical frequency modulation rates can be detected by utilizing the space and power strength information of the signal, so that the detection probability and the calculation efficiency can be further improved, easiness in project realization is realized, and the method is worth of being adopted and popularized.
Owner:ZHONGBEI UNIV
Reducing co-channel interference in satellite communications systems by antenna re-pointing
ActiveUS20050068230A1Improve performanceMinimizes CCIAntenna adaptation in movable bodiesRadio transmissionCommunications systemHigh density
A system and method for increasing the performance of a satellite communication system by using a multivariate analysis approach to optimize the pointing of the boresight of a satellite-mounted antenna. Optimizing the pointing of the boresight of the antenna minimizes sidelobe generation, and thus Co-Channel Interference (CCI) in geographic areas served by the system. By minimizing CCI, the overall system performance of the communication system is optimized. To optimize the pointing of the boresight of the antenna, the overall performance of the satellite communication system is determined, and the boresight of the antenna is iteratively repointed in the direction of increasing system performance until the optimized boresight pointing is determined. Alternatively, the frequency re-use plan of the satellite communication system may be analyzed to determine a high density cell region and the boresight may be pointed to the high density cell region.
Owner:NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYST CORP
System and method for microwave imaging with suppressed sidelobes using a sparse antenna array
ActiveUS7280068B2Geological detection using milimetre wavesRadio wave reradiation/reflectionSide lobeLighting system
Owner:AGILENT TECH INC
Control method of wireless communication system, wireless communication system, adjustment method of array weight vector, and wireless communication device
ActiveUS20120119953A1Reduce adverse effectsMulti-channel direction-finding systems using radio wavesPosition fixationCommunications systemSide lobe
To suppress an adverse effect caused by side lobes of an antenna array when determining an AWV to be used in communication. A first communication device transmits / receives a training signal while scanning a beam pattern, and a second communication device receives / transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern. A primary DOD / DOA in the first communication device is determined based on the transmission / reception result of the training signal. Then, second round training is performed. In this point, the first communication device transmits / receives the training signal while scanning a beam pattern in a state where transmission to the primary DOD or reception from the primary DOA is restricted. A secondary DOD / DOA is determined based on the result of the second round training. An AWV corresponding to the primary DOD / DOA and an AWV corresponding to the secondary DOD / DOA are selectively used in communication between the first and second devices.
Owner:NEC CORP
Optical spot grid array printer
InactiveUS6897941B2High resolutionIncrease data rateSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingPhotomechanical exposure apparatusResistSide lobe
A high resolution and high data rate spot grid array printer system is provided, wherein an image is formed by scanning spot-grid array of optical beams across a substrate layered with a resist. High resolution is achieved by apodizing the optical beams to provide a narrower main lobe. Unwanted recordation of side lobes upon the substrate is prevented by assuring that the side lobes do not include energy above the threshold of the resist, using a memoryless resist, and by using a slanted and interleaved scan pattern adapted for use with the spot-grid array pattern and the memoryless characteristic of the resist.
Owner:APPLIED MATERIALS INC
Adaptive transmission and interference cancellation for MIMO radar
ActiveUS20170293027A1Reducing self-interferenceReduce impactModulated-carrier systemsRadio transmissionRadar systemsSide lobe
Owner:UHNDER INC
Four-dimensional antenna array based on single-pole multi-throw switch
The invention discloses a four-dimensional antenna array based on a single-pole multi-throw switch. The basic structure of the four-dimensional antenna array comprises an antenna unit, a phase shifter, a variable amplitude fader, the single-pole multi-throw radio-frequency switch, a power divider, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuit board and a filter. The greatest innovation of the invention is that the single-pole multi-throw switch replaces a single-pole single-throw switch in a traditional four-dimensional antenna array. Compared with the original four-dimensional antenna array based on the single-pole single-throw switch, a small amount of radio-frequency switches are only used in the structural design proposed provided by the invention; and in the combination of low side lobes or multi-beam directional diagrams, the gain of an antenna is greatly improved, the transient directivity factor of the antenna and the stability of the gain in the modulation period are not changed. The dimension of the antenna is changed reasonably, so as to constitute other specific embodiments of the invention. The four-dimensional antenna array is used for wireless communication and is also used in a radar system.
Owner:UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
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