The invention discloses an X-ray pulsar photon signal ground simulation system with high time-frequency stability, comprising a program control computer, a high time-frequency stability signal source, an electric control visible light source, an adjustable optical attenuator, an optical shielding cavity, a photomultiplier and an electronic reading circuit. The high time-frequency stability signal source is used for obtaining a pulsar cycle and outline data output by the program control computer, generating a trigger signal to synchronize the electronic reading circuit, generating a high time-frequency stability voltage, inputting the voltage to the electric control visible light source and controlling the electric control visible light source to generate the visible light with light power which is in direct proportion with the input voltage, wherein the visible light is attenuated into photon stream by the adjustable optical attenuator; the photomultiplier detects out that the photo stream generates electric pulse, calibrates the electric pulse by the electronic reading circuit and then outputs to the program control computer. The system has the advantages of high simulation reliability, high outline precision and high time precision and can be used as an experimental device for timing observation, weak signal treatment and navigation design.