The invention discloses a rapid charging and discharging and safe low-temperature lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The low temperature is -45 DEG C. The multiplying power of rapidcharging is 3C and 5C respectively, and the multiplying power of rapid discharging is 1C and 10C respectively. The battery mainly consists of five parts, namely a positive plate, a negative plate, aceramic diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell, and is prepared by sequentially stacking the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm in sequence, putting the stacked parts into the battery shell, injecting the electrolyte, performing formation, performing sealing and performing capacity grading. The beneficial effects of the lithium ion battery are fully explained through preferred materials such as positive / negative materials, a ceramic diaphragm, an electrolyte, a battery case, a nano-microporous carbon-coated aluminum mesh, a nano-microporouscopper mesh, a polymer adhesive, a high-temperature insulating tape, a macromolecular plasticizer and the like and a preferred process technology. The process is simple and convenient, low in production cost and very suitable for application in the fields of electric vehicles, large-scale energy storage, military starting power supplies and the like.