The invention relates to a mobile online food quality sampling inspection system based on the Internet of things. The system consists of a bearing base, walking mechanisms, obstacle avoidance mechanisms, a bearing rack, a main monitoring camera, auxiliary monitoring cameras, a workbench, bearing baskets, guiding slide rails, barcode readers, a GNSS satellite positioning mechanism, a wireless Internet of Things communication device and a control circuit. The use method includes two steps: equipment servicing and sample sampling inspection. The system provided by the invention on the one hand has very high autonomous running ability, and therefore can effectively improve the working efficiency of sampling inspection operation and reduce the labor intensity of sampling inspection operation, and on the other hand, can effectively realize data collection and monitoring of the whole process of the sampling inspection operation, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the sampling inspection operation efficiency and sampling inspection precision, avoiding missing inspection caused by human factors and falsification phenomenon, at the same time, the system also has good data communication ability, can reach the purpose of timely feedback of sampling inspection results, thus achieving the efficiency and reliability of food product quality sampling inspection operation.