43 results about "Tissue concentrations" patented technology

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for vaginal administration of a treating agent normally associated with undesired side effects at detrimental blood levels. The composition releases the treating agent at a rate to achieve local tissue concentrations without such detrimental blood levels by using a therapeutically effective amount of the treating agent and a bioadhesive, cross-linked water swellable, but water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid polymer. Using this composition and the method of treatment provides sufficient local levels of the drug to provide therapeutic efficacy, but avoids many untoward adverse events. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for use during menses that includes a treating agent and a bioadhesive, cross-linked water swellable, but water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid polymer.

Radiographic system and method for noninvasively assessing the response of tissue to a compound, such as a therapeutic compound. In one embodiment, a non-radioactive, radio-opaque imaging agent accumulates in tissue in proportion to the tissue concentration of a predefined cellular target. The imaging agent is administered to a live organism, and after an accumulation interval, radiographic images are acquired. The tissue being examined is transilluminated by X-ray beams with preselected different mean energy spectra, and a separate radiographic image is acquired during transillumination by each beam. An image processing system performs a weighted combination of the acquired images to produce a first image. The image processing procedure isolates the radiographic density contributed solely by differential tissue accumulation of the imaging agent. A compound is administered to the organism, and after a selected interval, a second radiographic image of the tissue is acquired. Radiographic density contributed by accumulated imaging agent in corresponding areas of tissue in the first and second images are compared. Differences in radiographic density between the images reflect changes in the concentration of the cellular target that have occurred after administration of the compound. The system and method may be used to assess therapeutic efficacy of compounds in the drug discovery process, in clinical trials, and in the evaluation of clinical treatment. In other embodiments, pharmacological and toxicological effects of a wide variety of compounds on tissue may be noninvasively assessed.

A method of treating an inflammation in a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprises locally or systemically administering to the subject IFN-gamma in an amount so as to achieve an IFN-gamma bulk tissue concentration at a site of inflammation of 1-8,000 units per kilogram body weight, thereby ameliorating the inflammation.

The invention features a class of 2-nitroimidazole compounds with a secondary basic nitrogen atom and a linker bearing one or more therapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents, detectable labels, or chelating groups. In particular, the invention provides 2-nitroimidazole compounds containing a cluster of boron atoms for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The 2-nitroimidazole compounds can be used to treat hypoxic conditions, including, e.g., cancer, inflammation, and ischemia. The weakly basic 2-nitroimidazole compounds target to hypoxic tissue and provide increased tissue concentration overall.

Pharmacological test shows that the externally-used preparation of Cetirizine has ideal allergy resistant and anti-inflammatory action to the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (Rat PCA) model and dimethylbenzene caused mouse otitis model, and also prevents the adverse effect to the central system caused by whole body administration. It is also found in the test, that the externally used preparation of Cetirizine also has very fine inhibitory action to dinitrofluorobenzene caused mouse porphyria hypersensitivity (PTH), the novel pharmacological action of the Cetirizine shows that the Cetirizine external preparation has good therapeutic action to skin inflammations which mainly include porphyria hypersensitivity.

Protease inhibitors together with protease sensitive therapeutics or diagnostics are provided, which may be ionically or covalently bound, or unbound. The protease inhibitors and/or protease sensitive moiety may be provided in monomeric, homopolymeric, heteropolymeric (for each of the protease and agent) and/or block copolymeric (combining polymers of agent and inhibitor) form. The inhibitors may be native active or e.g., protease activated. Multiple protease inhibitor peptides may be used in-frame with multiple protease cleavage signals (polymeric protease activated protease inhibitors). Combination with the protease inhibitors with the protease sensitive therapeutic enhances the intact, active molecule local-regional or targeted cell or tissue concentration, peak concentration and/or duration of the therapeutic exposure, thereby increasing its therapeutic efficacy. The protease inhibitors are particularly useful for tumor-targeted therapies and for vaccines.

An improved method of treating lower urinary dysfunctional epithelium (LUDE) or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE, including interstitial cystitis, comprises the step of administering orally a pharmaceutically effective quantity of heparin to a patient in need of treatment for LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE in order to treat LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE. The heparin can be administered together with a quantity of a penetration enhancer that is sufficient to result in a tissue concentration of heparin that is sufficient to treat LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE. A suitable penetration enhancer is sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate. The method can further comprise the administration of at least one additional pharmaceutical composition to treat LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE The invention further includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (1) a quantity of heparin that is pharmaceutically sufficient for the treatment of LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE; and (b) at least one filler, excipient, or carrier; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for the treatment of LUDE or a disease, condition, or syndrome associated with LUDE.

The invention relates to a calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized oral preparation and a preparation method thereof, and a calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized liposome with high encapsulation rate for preparing the calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized oral preparation. The calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized liposome is obtained by the following steps: dissolving chitosan in 1-10% diluted solution of acetic acid (the usage amount of chitosan is 0.5-5g per 100ml acetic acid solution) to obtain an acidified chitosan solution, filtering, collecting filtrate, adding dropwise 1-99% aqueous solution of calcium heparin/sodium salt into the filtrate under magnetic stirring until milk white precipitate occurs, centrifugating the resulating suspension, collecting precipitates, and freezes-drying to obtain calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized liposome. The calcium heparin/sodium salt nano-sized oral preparation is characterized in that the preparation has good stability, high encapsulation rate (up to 98%), and high in vitro release rate (up to 25% at hour 4); the preparation is absorbed in the intestinal tract with high absorption rate and high concentration; the half life is prolonged upon the increase of oral dosage, showing zero-order kinetics; the tissue concentration is larger than blood concentration; the preparation is released sustainedly; and study in rabbits (20mg oral intake) shows that the blood concentration in vivo is kept high for over 50 hours, thereby proving sustained release.

The invention provides a contrast agent capable of specifically imaging tumor and neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and the like) in magnetic resonance imaging and a preparation method thereof by using the high affinity between lactoferrin and cells which express a lactoferrin receptor on surface to realize target-directed imaging. The magnetic resonance contrast agent is formed by conjugating super-paramagnetic ferric oxide nanoparticles with lactoferrin, the particle size of the magnetic resonance contrast agent is below 20 nanometers, and the conjugate has the characteristics of small particle size, no toxicity, high specificity, high selectivity, high contrast effect, tissue concentration enough for in-vivo imaging, and the like.

Antibiotic for use in a method comprising systemically administering a photosensitive antibiotic to a subject having a microbial infection in a target tissue to provide a blood plasma concentration of the antibiotic in the subject; allowing the plasma or tissue concentration of the antibiotic increase to a predetermined level; and subjecting the target tissue to photodynamic therapy in order to increase the antimicrobial action of the antibiotic in the target tissue. With light activation the efficacy of the photosensitizer antibiotic can be enhanced, the spectrum of the microbial effect broadened and even an antiviral effect can be obtained. Generally, the present invention can be exploited when there is a need for enhancement of the local antimicrobial effect of antibiotics.

The present invention is directed to one or more macromolecules in a lipid vesicle oral formulation which targets intracellular receptors, in particular for peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and mixtures thereof, optionally in combination with small molecules. The invention encapsulates said macromolecules in a neutral lipid vesicle comprised of one or more cholesteryl esters. Unique properties of macromolecules encapsulated in said vesicles include high oral bioavailability, defined herein as in at least 50%, i.e., often in excess of 50% on the basis of oral to parenteral AUC. Non-limiting examples are provided, for large hydrophilic molecules such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids which heretofore have been very poorly absorbed by the mammalian intestine. In prior art; said molecules are generally less than 25% bioavailable, even with protective coatings and optionally absorption enhancing component substances in the formulation. An additional feature of the present invention is high tissue concentrations after oral use, a result of rapid uptake of cholestosomes delivered by chylomicrons to body cells. A preferred embodiment is disclosed for insulin, where with cholestosome encapsulation oral bioavailability is at least 66%. Prior to the present invention, oral bioavailability of insulin and other peptides and proteins was maximally 25% and usually between 5% and 10%. Additional preferred examples are provided for one or more macromolecules useful in the treatment of cancer and in particular intracellular targeting in the practice of cancer immunotherapeutics.

The invention provides a brain tumor magnetic resonance contrast agent. The contrast agent is transferrin coupled super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and contains a physiologically acceptable diluent, wherein the diluent can be PBS (phosphate buffer solution) or normal saline; the weight/volume application ratio of the transferrin coupled super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to the diluent is 10-20mg:1mL; the super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be super-paramagnetic ferric oxide nanoparticles or super-paramagnetic ferriferrous oxide nanoparticles; and the particle sizes of the super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are 10-20nm. The contrast agent utilizes the high affinity between the transferrin and transferrin acceptors expressed on surfaces of cells to realize the targeting developing, and has the characteristics of high specificity, good selectivity, strong contrast effect, low toxic side effect, enough tissue concentration for the in-vivo imaging, and the like.