The invention discloses a vice-driving lubricating structure of a sliding valve of a railway brake valve with automatic switching action. The vice-driving lubricating structure of the sliding valve of the railway brake valve with the automatic switching action comprises a main piston rod, a sliding valve and a graduating valve. An oil storage cavity is arranged in the main piston rod. A one-way valve assembly is arranged on the main piston rod. The oil storage cavity communicates with an oil outlet through an oil-way pipe, wherein the oil outlet is arranged at the non-working area of the working surface on the graduating valve. An oil inlet is arranged at the non-working area of the working surface of the sliding valve. The oil outlet of the graduating valve and the oil inlet of the sliding valve are not be communicated during an air inflation position and a pressure maintaining position in the cycle of motion of the railway brake valve, wherein the air inflation position and the pressure maintaining position occupy most of the time, while in the process of braking of the railway brake valve, the oil outlet of the graduating valve is instantly communicated with the oil inlet of the sliding valve, and the rest traveling all be closed. In this way, just as an automatic switch is arranged at the oil outlet of the graduating valve and the oil inlet of the sliding valve, the oil consumption of lubricating oil in the oil storage can be reduced greatly, and the existing time of a vice oil slick of the sliding valve and the vice service life of the sliding valve are prolonged remarkably.