The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted earthquake emergency handling device for a high-speed railway. The vehicle-mounted earthquake emergency handling device for the high-speed railway comprises a GSM-R communication unit, a catenary outage detection unit and a control unit, wherein the GSM-R communication unit is used for receiving earthquake alarm information, and sending the earthquake alarm information to the control unit, the catenary outage detection unit is used for detecting whether a catenary is in the outage state or not, and sending the detection result to the control unit, and the control unit is connected with an emergency braking loop installed on a train braking system in a hardwired mode, and is used for controlling the emergency braking loop to carry out emergency braking when necessary according to the information sent by the GSM-R communication unit and the catenary outage detection unit. According to the vehicle-mounted earthquake emergency handling device for the high-speed railway, early-warning information sent by an earthquake early-warning system is received through a GSM-R wireless communication system, the power supply state of the catenary is detected in real time in an online mode, the corresponding train control mode is adopted according to the received early-warning information and the catenary outage state, and thus reliability and timeliness of earthquake emergency handling are effectively improved.