The invention relates to an engine speed control method with online setting of PID (proportion integration differentiation) parameters, provides a method of online setting PID proportional parameters according to a speed value during engine speed control and aims to achieve quick and stable control of engine speed. According to the method, an engine speed error is calculated and mapped to different error ranges, increase rate of the engine speed error is calculated, PID proportional parameters are set, and the engine speed is adjusted quickly, with fewer fluctuations occurring. The method has the advantages that implementation is simple, applicable range is wide, experiments show that the method is evidently effective in terms of speed control quickness, stability, dynamic tracking performance and the like and is superior to the traditional PID control.