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34 results about "Nominal level" patented technology
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Nominal level is the operating level at which an electronic signal processing device is designed to operate. The electronic circuits that make up such equipment are limited in the maximum signal they can handle and the low-level internally generated electronic noise they add to the signal. The difference between the internal noise and the maximum level is the device's dynamic range. The nominal level is the level that these devices were designed to operate at, for best dynamic range and adequate headroom. When a signal is chained with improper gain staging through many devices, the dynamic range of the signal is reduced.
Method and apparatus for synchronizing playback of streaming media in multiple output devices
ActiveUS20060149850A1Maintaining average timing synchronizationError preventionTransmission systemsStreaming dataTimestamp
A method and apparatus for synchronizing streaming media with multiple output devices. One or more media servers serve media streams to one or more output devices (i.e., players). For playback synchronization, one output device is the “master”, whereas the remaining output devices are “slaves”. More data is requested from the media server by the “master” device to maintain a nominal buffer fill level over time. The “slave” devices receive streamed data from the media server at the rate determined by the master device's data requests, and the average rate of data flow over the streaming network is thus controlled by the frequency of the single “master” device's crystal. “Slave” devices make playback rate corrections to maintain respective buffer fill levels within upper and lower threshold levels. For slow networks, each media data packet timestamp is calculated from the time the master's buffer reaches nominal level.
Owner:SNAP ONE LLC
Method and apparatus for synchronizing playback of streaming media in multiple output devices
ActiveUS8015306B2Maintaining average timing synchronizationError preventionTransmission systemsTimestampNetwork packet
A method and apparatus for synchronizing streaming media with multiple output devices. One or more media servers serve media streams to one or more output devices (i.e., players). For playback synchronization, one output device is the “master”, whereas the remaining output devices are “slaves”. More data is requested from the media server by the “master” device to maintain a nominal buffer fill level over time. The “slave” devices receive streamed data from the media server at the rate determined by the master device's data requests, and the average rate of data flow over the streaming network is thus controlled by the frequency of the single “master” device's crystal. “Slave” devices make playback rate corrections to maintain respective buffer fill levels within upper and lower threshold levels. For slow networks, each media data packet timestamp is calculated from the time the master's buffer reaches nominal level.
Owner:SNAP ONE LLC
Method and System for Operating a Commissioned E-Commerce Service Prover
A method for operating a commissioned e-commerce service provider provides services to businesses on a computerized network such as the Internet in exchange for a small commission on the commercial transactions generated using those services. Unlike most ISPs that provide services to individuals and businesses, the commissioned e-commerce service provider preferably provides Internet services for businesses operating web sites or other application that generate e-commerce transactions for the business. Instead of paying a monthly fee for the Internet services required to host a web site or operate and e-commerce site, the business contracts with the commissioned e-commerce service provider to provide these services based on receiving a percentage commission of the commercial transactions generated using these services. Preferably, the commission percentage is tiered in accordance with the amount of traffic at the site to provide a nominal level of service at a lower commission rate, yet allow for an exceptional volume of traffic to be accommodated by the site at a higher commission rate without having the site fail or the service become overwhelmed.
Owner:RPX CORP
Dimmer switch with adjustable high-end trim
InactiveUS20070285027A1Reducing high-end trimReducing having substantially no affectElectric ignition installationSwitch power arrangementsMinimum timeTRIAC
A dimmer switch has a user adjustable high-end trim. The dimmer switch includes a bidirectional semiconductor switch, such as a triac, for controlling the amount of power delivered from a source of alternating current power to a lighting load, such as an electric lamp. A user-adjustable timing circuit controls the conduction time of the triac from a minimum time to a maximum time. The maximum possible conduction time of the triac is the high-end trim. The minimum possible conduction time of the triac is the low-end trim. The timing circuit includes a user-accessible switch that allows a user to reduce the high-end trim from a first nominal level to a second reduced level, lower than the first level, without substantially affecting the low-end trim. The switch allows a user to switch a transient voltage suppressor into and out of parallel connection with a resistor that is part of an RC timing circuit for the triac. The dimmer switch advantageously uses less energy and the lifetime of the lamp is extended when the second reduced level of the high-end trim is selected.
Owner:LUTRON TECH CO LLC
Efficient power system
InactiveUS20070145952A1Batteries circuit arrangementsSingle network parallel feeding arrangementsLoad circuitPower utility
A power system and method make highly efficient use of power supplied from a utility to a facility. A 110-volt line will commonly supply between 107 to 120 volts. A power system couples energy from the utility to a load circuit and may interface with further sources to supply the load circuit. The power system limits output voltage circuit to a preselected nominal level, e.g., 107 volts. Energy provided by the utility which is embodied in voltage above the nominal level is diverted to a charging circuit to charge a storage circuit. On command, the storage circuit delivers input power coupled to a waveform generator which produces a mirror of the waveform of the utility voltage as a supplemental AC voltage. The supplemental voltage is provided to the facility circuit either in response to a user-generated control signal, an output level from the storage circuit or in response to load requirements.
Owner:COGENERATION ENERGY CORP
Method and system for operating an E-Commerce service provider
InactiveUS20110191462A1Solve insufficient resourcesNot to wasteDigital computer detailsTransmissionWeb siteHigh rate
A method for operating a commissioned e-commerce service provider provides services to businesses on a computerized network such as the Internet in exchange for a small commission on the commercial transactions generated using those services. Unlike most ISPs that provide services to individuals and businesses, the e-commerce service provider preferably provides Internet services for businesses operating web sites based on the amount of service utilized by the individual or business. Instead of paying a monthly fee for the Internet services required to host a web site or operate and e-commerce site, the business contracts with the e-commerce service provider to provide these services based on usage of these services. Preferably, the usage rate is tiered in accordance with the amount of traffic at the site to provide a nominal level of service at a lower rate, yet allow for an exceptional volume of traffic to be accommodated by the site at a higher rate without having the site fail or the service become overwhelmed.
Owner:RPX CORP
Method and system for operating a commissioned e-commerce service prover
A method for operating a commissioned e-commerce service provider provides services to businesses on a computerized network such as the Internet in exchange for a small commission on the commercial transactions generated using those services. Unlike most ISPs that provide services to individuals and businesses, the commissioned e-commerce service provider preferably provides Internet services for businesses operating web sites or other application that generate e-commerce transactions for the business. Instead of paying a monthly fee for the Internet services required to host a web site or operate and e-commerce site, the business contracts with the commissioned e-commerce service provider to provide these services based on receiving a percentage commission of the commercial transactions generated using these services. Preferably, the commission percentage is tiered in accordance with the amount of traffic at the site to provide a nominal level of service at a lower commission rate, yet allow for an exceptional volume of traffic to be accommodated by the site at a higher commission rate without having the site fail or the service become overwhelmed.
Owner:RPX CORP
Power protection device
InactiveUS6947266B1Ensure safetyEnsures reliable operationEmergency protective arrangements for automatic disconnectionEmergency protective arrangements for limiting excess voltage/currentAc power systemStandby power
A power protection device protects electronic equipment from AC supply system disturbances. An electronically controlled relay circuit passes power to connected equipment if the electrical supply system, to which the equipment is connected, is properly wired for continuity and correct polarity of line, neutral, and ground conductors, and the line voltage is within twenty-five percent of nominal levels. Thermal cut-offs are used as a back-up to the over-voltage protection provided by the electronically controlled relay circuit. These thermal cut-offs are connected in a way that when either or both trip, the relay of the electronically controlled relay circuit is de-energized and power is disconnected to the device output stage and connected equipment.
Owner:ELECTRONICS SYST PROTECTION
Systems and methods to detect and defend against distributed denial of service attacks
ActiveUS20160099964A1Easy to integrateProvide feedbackMemory loss protectionError detection/correctionPeeringNominal level
A method, operated by a Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller associated with an Autonomous System (AS) with one or more peering points, each peering point with an associated router communicatively coupled to the SDN controller, the method for detecting and defending against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and the method includes receiving data from the one or more peering points; detecting malicious traffic at the one or more peering points; determining a peer quality measurement for the one or more peering points; and communicating the peer quality measurement and other data associated with the malicious traffic to one or more other SDN controllers, associated with Autonomous Systems connected through the one or more peering points, to facilitate convergence of the peer quality measurement back to a nominal level.
Owner:CIENA
Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis emulation and wave shaping using a programmable delay without using a clock
An adjustable-delay filter performs wave shaping to emulate pre-emphasis or de-emphasis of transmission-line signals. The adjustable-delay filter uses analog components and does not need a clock. The receiver does not have to recover a bit-clock from the data stream, eliminating a clock recovery circuit. An input buffer receives the input signal and drives current to a summer and to an adjustable delay. The adjustable delay inverts and delays the current and drives a delayed, inverted current to the summer. The summer combines the delayed, inverted current and the current from the input buffer to generate an output signal. The delay time of the adjustable delay can be programmed by a user and is less than the bit period. After a signal transition, the output signal initially spikes higher, then falls back to a nominal level after the delay time has expired. The initial signal spike emulates de-emphasis or pre-emphasis.
Owner:DIODES INC
Method and apparatus for identifying the winding short of bar wound electric machine at standstill condition
ActiveUS20170102425A1Avoid damageAvoids inductance variationDynamo-electric machine testingHarmonicElectric machine
A method and system are disclosed for detecting turn-to-turn and phase-to-phase winding short circuits in an electric motor. The motor is tested at a standstill condition by injecting a current signal into the virtual d-axis of the motor while controlling q-axis current to zero. Steady state feedback current from the motor is measured, and current harmonics are calculated using FFT or peak-to-peak techniques. It is determined that a short circuit is present in the winding if feedback current harmonics higher than a nominal level are detected, where the increased feedback current is an indication that winding inductance has decreased due to a short circuit. Testing at standstill using a small current advantageously prevents the possibility of damaging the motor and avoids inductance variation due to changing rotor position.
Owner:GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC
Method and device for preventing the disconnection of an electric power generating plant from the electrical grid
Procedures to prevent the disconnection of a park of electricity generators from a network in the event of a voltage sag, through which, upon detection of the sag, the voltage travelling to the network is controlled in proportion to the magnitude of the sag; the active power produced by the park, rather than sent to the network, is thus diverted into to storage and / or energy dissipation equipment, keeping the park voltage at a nominal level.The invention also includes a device for carrying out procedures integrating a bypass, transformer, static inverter, static converter, capacitance and dissipation resistance unit, voltage sag detection circuit and control circuit.
Owner:GAMESA INNOVATION & TECH SA
Led-based emergency lighting equipment and methodology
ActiveUS20140125133A1Extended service lifeMaintain levelMultiple input and output pulse circuitsLighting support devicesLight equipmentLow voltage
Systems and methods provide LED-based emergency lighting utilizing AC-DC switch mode power conversion technology, NiMH battery technology, and emergency lighting lamps that use high power white LEDs as the emergency lighting source. A low voltage microprocessor based circuit design reduces the battery input voltage for the unit to a nominal level of 2.4VDC. The microprocessor executes a pulse charging algorithm to lower battery maintenance mode power consumption levels and extend the useful life of the battery. Brownout detection technology does not require the determination of the AC input voltage level or transmission of the brownout detection signal to the secondary side of the circuit. A rechargeable battery is charged by a charge current selectively set to a bulk charge value, a trickle charge high value, or a trickle charge low value based on sampling of the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the charge current.
Owner:HUBBELL LIGHTING INC
Dimmer switch with adjustable high-end trim
InactiveUS7906916B2Switch power arrangementsElectric light circuit arrangementSilicon-controlled rectifierEffect light
A dimmer switch has a user adjustable high-end trim. The dimmer switch includes a bidirectional semiconductor switch, such as a triac, for controlling the amount of power delivered from a source of alternating current power to a lighting load, such as an electric lamp. A user-adjustable timing circuit controls the conduction time of the triac from a minimum time to a maximum time. The maximum possible conduction time of the triac is the high-end trim. The minimum possible conduction time of the triac is the low-end trim. The timing circuit includes a user-accessible switch that allows a user to reduce the high-end trim from a first nominal level to a second reduced level, lower than the first level, without substantially affecting the low-end trim. The switch allows a user to switch a transient voltage suppressor into and out of parallel connection with a resistor that is part of an RC timing circuit for the triac. The dimmer switch advantageously uses less energy and the lifetime of the lamp is extended when the second reduced level of the high-end trim is selected.
Owner:LUTRON TECH CO LLC
Distributing limited storage among a collection of media objects
InactiveUS20050147310A1Efficient compressionData processing applicationsDigital data processing detailsQuality levelArtificial intelligence
A quality level determining the extent to which each image file is compressed is automatically computed for each image file in a set to ensure that the total size of the compressed image files does not exceed a predefined limit. The compressed size of each image file is initially determined when compressed at a predefined minimum acceptable level and at a nominal level. The relative complexity of the image files is determined based upon their high frequency energy content. As a function of the image file complexity, and starting with the compressed sizes initially determined, the appropriate quality level is determined for compressing each of the image files in an iterative process that ensures the total size of the compressed image files does not exceed the predefined limit, while retaining acceptable quality. Thus, a set of image files can be compressed optimally to fit within a limited storage.
Owner:DIGIMEDIA TECH LLC
Igniter voltage compensation circuit
InactiveUS20100141231A1Easy to switchSlow changeDC motor speed/torque controlElectronic switchingDIACThyratron
Featured is igniter control circuitry that reduces the line voltage to the igniter and which maintains the igniter voltage relatively stable. More particularly, there is featured, a thyristor-based phase control circuit that reduces the RMS voltage being applied to an igniter when it is connected to the AC line or line voltage. The circuitry also is configured so that it opposes changes in line voltage such that the igniter voltage remains relatively stable when the line voltage increases or decreases relative to its nominal level. Such control circuitry includes a dual diac configuration, a relation oscillator configuration and one embodying both dual diac and relation oscillator configurations.
Owner:COORSTEK INC
Extended life battery
ActiveUS9966780B2Easy to chargeExtend lifetime of battery packIndicating/monitoring circuitsCells structural combinationNominal levelElectrical and Electronics engineering
Owner:GBATTERIES ENERGY
Systems, methods, and apparatus for connection fault self-monitoring with DC bias current
Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems, methods, and apparatus for providing connection fault self-monitoring with DC bias current. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for obtaining measurements and detecting connectivity faults associated with a voltage mode sensor. The method can include coupling a DC bias current into a circuit. The circuit includes a voltage mode sensor, and the voltage mode sensor can output a time varying signal. The method can also include setting a nominal level of the DC bias current, monitoring a voltage associated with the DC bias current, and determining circuit connectivity status based at least in part on monitoring the voltage.
Owner:GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
Startup circuit for subregulated amplifier
ActiveUS20090015332A1Simple and reliable processAmplifier modifications to reduce temperature/voltage variationElectric pulse generator detailsAudio power amplifierNominal level
A multi-stage circuit has a first stage powered by the output voltage of a next stage. A current source within the first stage provides a tail current for a differential amplifier within the first stage. When the first stage has an operating voltage high enough for proper operation, this tail current is at a nominal level; if the voltage is too low for proper operation of the first stage, the tail current is below this nominal level. A comparator, which has one input coupled to a node within this current source, a second input coupled to a threshold voltage, and an output coupled to a control node within the next stage, provides an output indicative of whether or not the tail current is substantially at its nominal level. If tail current is too low, the comparator provides a forcing signal to the control node of the next stage which causes the output of the next stage to be at a substantially nominal level regardless of the voltage at its input, thus providing a suitably high voltage for the first stage to begin normal operation. When the tail current reaches its nominal level, the comparator output changes state to one which has little or no effect on the output voltage of the second stage, and normal operation of the overall circuit begins.
Owner:TEXAS INSTR INC
Front end automatic gain control circuit using a control word generator
ActiveUS7050515B2Amplitude-modulated carrier systemsAnalog signal digital controlUltrasound attenuationAudio power amplifier
A control word generator comprised of circuitry to generate a control word to control an attenuator. The control word generator includes a counter that increments at a clock rate much higher than the refresh rate at which the error signal is recalculated. The counter is controlled by a comparator which compares the error signal to a reference value, which, starting from a programmable upper limited is decremented in the counter's incrementation rate by a programmable step size. When the reference value equals the error signal, the comparator changes state and the counter stops incrementing. The count at that time is the control word, which if everything operated instantaneously, would be the control word that would alter the attenuation sufficiently to achieve nominal power. Also disclosed is a method to use this apparatus to generate a table of control words comprising: first establish an input power level and attenuate the signal with an analog variable attenuator / amplifier; second, measuring the output power of the signal output by said variable attenuator / amplifier; third, use a control word generator to iteratively derive a control word, which will cause the input signal power to be altered to the nominal power level; fourth, record that control word; fifth, increment the input signal power and repeat the process to derive a new control word and record that word; and, sixth, repeat the entire process for each level of expected input signal power.
Owner:ARRIS ENTERPRISES LLC
Startup circuit for subregulated amplifier
ActiveUS7541872B2Simple and reliable processAmplifier modifications to reduce temperature/voltage variationElectric pulse generator detailsAudio power amplifierNominal level
Owner:TEXAS INSTR INC
System and method for detecting an object on a moving web
InactiveUS20060145100A1Easy to placeEasy to monitorInvestigating moving sheetsOptical detectionRefractive indexNominal level
The system includes a light source that emits light onto a web and objects that are on the web. The system further includes a lens that has a radial index of refraction gradient. The lens is positioned such that the lens only captures light above a nominal level when light from the light source is reflected by the objects and not the web. A sensor receives light from the lens and converts the light to a signal. The method includes directing light onto the objects and the web using a light source. The method further includes positioning a lens that has a radial index of refraction gradient relative to the web and the light source such that the lens only captures light above a nominal level when the light from the light source is reflected by the objects. The method further includes focusing the captured light on a sensor.
Owner:KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE INC
Encoding a data word for writing the encoded data word in a multi-level solid state memory
ActiveUS20120324313A1Error correction/detection using block single space codingError correction/detection using concatenated codesAlgorithmNominal level
A method for encoding a data word for writing an encoded data word in N cells of a solid state memory. Each of the N cells can be programmed in one of q nominal levels. The method includes encoding the data word as a codeword of a first codeword type having q symbol values or as a codeword of a second codeword type having (q-d) symbol values, d ε [1, . . . , q-1], depending on a state of the N cells.
Owner:GLOBALFOUNDRIES US INC
Regulator device for controlling the power of a transmitter
InactiveUS20020171482A1Quickly reachReacting more quicklyGain controlTransmissionAudio power amplifierActive component
The invention relates to a device for transmitting radiofrequency signals using a power amplifier. The power amplifier is connected to a power regulation loop for regulating its gain in such a manner as to bring the output power level to a desired nominal level. The regulation loop acts on the bias voltage as a function of the output from the power amplifier. According to the invention, the device further comprises adjustment means such as an integrating RC circuit for supplying an additional voltage to the regulation loop in such a manner that the input signal to the loop is more responsive and less dependent on the active components of the power amplifier. The invention is particularly applicable in the field of mobile transmission.
Owner:DRNC HLDG INC
Method and apparatus for identifying the winding short of bar wound electric machine at standstill condition
ActiveUS9983253B2Avoid damageInhibition of variationDynamo-electric machine testingHarmonicElectric machine
A method and system are disclosed for detecting turn-to-turn and phase-to-phase winding short circuits in an electric motor. The motor is tested at a standstill condition by injecting a current signal into the virtual d-axis of the motor while controlling q-axis current to zero. Steady state feedback current from the motor is measured, and current harmonics are calculated using FFT or peak-to-peak techniques. It is determined that a short circuit is present in the winding if feedback current harmonics higher than a nominal level are detected, where the increased feedback current is an indication that winding inductance has decreased due to a short circuit. Testing at standstill using a small current advantageously prevents the possibility of damaging the motor and avoids inductance variation due to changing rotor position.
Owner:GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC
Regulator device for controlling the power of a transmitter
InactiveUS6603350B2Quickly reachReacting more quicklyGain controlTransmissionAudio power amplifierActive component
Owner:DRNC HLDG INC
Method and device for preventing the disconnection of an electric power generating plant from the electrical grid
Procedures to prevent the disconnection of a park of electricity generators from a network in the event of a voltage sag, through which, upon detection of the sag, the voltage travelling to the network is controlled in proportion to the magnitude of the sag; the active power produced by the park, rather than sent to the network, is thus diverted into to storage and / or energy dissipation equipment, keeping the park voltage at a nominal level.The invention also includes a device for carrying out procedures integrating a bypass, transformer, static inverter, static converter, capacitance and dissipation resistance unit, voltage sag detection circuit and control circuit.
Owner:GAMESA INNOVATION & TECH SA
A design method based on a controller for regulating gas balance in an artificial closed ecosystem
ActiveCN103885468BRapid prototypingControlling ratio of multiple fluid flowsCarbon dioxide productionPositive systems
The invention relates to a controller for automatically regulating and controlling gas steady balance in an artificial closed ecological system, and mainly aims at problems of important process control in the space controlled ecological life support system in our country. Based on experiment data and system identification, positive system and reverse system models of a microalgae light bioreactor and aerobic microbial fermentation reactor are established. According to gas amount practically needed to be compensated, a response curve of oxygen or carbon dioxide production speed is established. Simulation models of the reverse system model and a gas production speed response curve algorithm are established on a MatLab / Simulink platform. A simulation model rapid prototype is designed into a practical controller by utilizing MatLab / Real-timeWorkshop. In the emergency state, the response curve of the oxygen and carbon dioxide production speed is confirmed via online monitoring of gas concentration in the system. The real-time control law of the light algae reactor and the fermentation reactor is obtained by utilizing the reverse system model so that gas concentration in the system is steadily balanced at the nominal level, and thus objectives of enhancing safety and reliability of the artificial closed ecological system are realized.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV
Systems, methods, and apparatus for connection fault self-monitoring with DC bias current
Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems, methods, and apparatus for providing connection fault self-monitoring with DC bias current. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for obtaining measurements and detecting connectivity faults associated with a voltage mode sensor. The method can include coupling a DC bias current into a circuit. The circuit includes a voltage mode sensor, and the voltage mode sensor can output a time varying signal. The method can also include setting a nominal level of the DC bias current, monitoring a voltage associated with the DC bias current, and determining circuit connectivity status based at least in part on monitoring the voltage.
Owner:GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
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