The invention discloses a system and a method for synchronous experiment of a caustics-digital image correlation method. The system comprises a first LED (Light Emitting Diode) flashlight light source(1), a second LED flashlight light source (2), a capacitance charger (3), a first ultra-high speed camera (4), a second ultra-speed camera (5), a digital speckle image computing module (6), a causticspeckle computing module (7), an impact head (8), a drop hammer (9), a test loading platform (10), a laser light source (11), a delayed signal controller (15) of a caustics light path system and a test piece (26). The system integrates the advantages of two experiment methods, and various mechanical parameters such as the propagation length, the propagation speed and the propagation accelerationof propagating cracks can be measured; by comprehensively comparing and analyzing data measured by the two experiment methods, the propagation mechanism of the propagating cracks can be more accurately, scientifically and quantitatively researched.