The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and / or preventing diabetes and / or
obesity. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such conditions. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that lead to diabetes and
obesity. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and / or activity of one or more of
peroxisome activated
protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT /
enhancer binding protein-α (C / EBPα) and
Sterol Regulatory Element-
Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt / β-
catenin pathway; (3) at least one agent capable of activating the
adenosine monophosphate-activated
protein kinase (
AMPK) signaling pathway; (4) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including
reactive nitrogen species and
reactive oxygen species (ROS); (5) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); (6) at least one agent capable of enhancing
glucose transporter (GLUT4) and / or inhibiting
glucose transporter GLUT2; (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates
adiponectin and (8) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates
sirtuin (SIRT1). The active agents for use herein are natural materials such as phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals. Compositions with combinations of such natural agents have the ability to prevent, reduce or treat diabetes and
obesity by (a) clearing glucose and fatty acids from blood, (b) reducing the number of adipose cells and fat storage, (c) interfering with fat, glucose, and
cholesterol biosynthesis, and (d) promoting fat and glucose oxidation.Since the present compositions are aimed toward normalizing
metabolism and
energy expenditure and managing
oxidative stress and
inflammation, they are also beneficial in relation to
physical activity, in particular performance, endurance, fatigue and
recovery during intensive and continuous exercise /
exertion.