111 results about "Chromosome fragment" patented technology

A genealogical research and record keeping system and method for identifying commonalities in haplotypes and other genetic characteristics of two or more individual members of a biological sample. Chromosomal fragments identical by descent identify family ties between siblings, parents and children and ancestors and progeny across many generations. It is particularly useful in corroborating and improving the accuracy of genealogical data, and identifying previously unknown genetic relationships.

Disclosed is a method for using a first polar body and a second polar body as well as a single-cell embryo to carry out whole-genome non-exponential amplification and high-throughput genome sequencing, so as to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis for genetic disease and testing for pathogenic genes causing repeated miscarriages. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining oocytes and embryos, and carrying out separation and genome amplification of first and second polar bodies and single-cell embryos; (2) establishing a genome sequencing library and sequencing, and carrying out bioinformatic analysis of the genome to obtain a gene spectrum and information concerning the number of copies of chromosomes and fragments thereof; (3) determining the chromosome ploidy of the polar bodies and embryos as well as information concerning defects, replication and point mutation in the chromosome fragments; (4) selecting normal or suitable embryos for implantation.

The invention provides a method for identifying exogenous chromosomes and chromosome segments in plant distant hybrids. The method includes the steps of firstly, microscopically separating monosomes or chromosome segments of chromosomes to be tested of a plant to be tested; secondly, using the separated monosomes or chromosome segments in the first step to build a fluorescence probe of the monosomes or chromosome segments; thirdly, using the fluorescence probe built in the second step to perform fluorescence in situ hybridization to chromosomes in metaphase division of the hybrids; and fourthly, analyzing the fluorescence in situ hybridization result obtained in the third step to determine distribution of fluorescence signals of the chromosomes to be tested of the plant to be tested. Exogenous chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat distant hybrids can be identified by the method, and the method is applicable to identification of exogenous chromosomes and chromosome segments in distant hybrids of other plants.

The invention provides a multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (MFISH) method for quickly analyzing and identifying alien chromosome of wheat. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing actively dividing tissues in meristematic zone of wheat root tip by N2O and conducting enzymolysis on the actively dividing tissues to obtain a metaphase specimen with clear images and uniform distribution of chromosomes; (2) marking a fluorescent probe of fundamental genome of wheat by nick translation method; (3) conducting fluorescence in situ hybridization on chromosomes at mitosis metaphase obtained in step (1) by using the constructed fluorescent probe in step (2); and (4) analyzing the fluorescence in situ hybridization results obtained in step (3). According to the method provided by the invention, not only can alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in distant hybrid wheat be identified, but also alien chromosomes and chromosome segments of distant hybrids of other crops can be identified.

The invention relates to preimplantation genetic diagnosis on an embryo by using new single cell nucleic acid amplification technology, which mainly utilizes the signal amplification action of the mRNA (messenger Ribose Nucleic Acid) to detect the multiplication or deletion of DNAs (Deoxyribonucleic Acids) of certain chromosome segments. According to the central dogma, the mRNA is transcribed by using the DNA as the template, the abnormity of the number of copies of the DNA template can cause the change of the quantity of the mRNAs; and in the transcription process, the multiplication or deletion of the DNA template can be amplified on the mRNA level, and can be easily detected. The main technical method is as follows: the single cell mRNA of a human embryo is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification after being subjected to reverse transcription and addition of a common primer; by using the amplification product as the template, quantitative PCR with a 96-pore plate is used for detecting the expression level of 8 genes of a single cell or a small amount of cells; and the detection result can be compared with a normal diploid embryo, so as to distinguish the embryo sex of X chromosome recessive inheritance family history, and the multiplication and deletion of Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13 and sex chromosome and carry out genetic diagnosis on some common chromosome anomalies.

The invention discloses a gossypium barbadense chromosome segment capable of remarkably improving verticillium wilt resistance of gossypium hirsutum and molecular markers of the gossypium barbadense chromosome segment. The gossypium barbadense chromosome segment D4-1 is derived from gossypium barbadense H7124, is located in NO. D4 chromosome of cotton chromosome sets, and is identified through 11 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers (including NAU3392, NAU6992, NAU6993, NAU3791, cgr6409, JESPR220, NAU5294, NAU7290, ZHX1, ZHX6 and ZHX29). DNA of the gossypium barbadense H7124 is taken as a template, the 11 pairs of SSR markers are adopted for amplification simultaneously, and a chromosome segment capable of simultaneously containing 11 SSR marker specific bands is the chromosome segment D4-1 of the gossypium barbadense H7124. A disease index of a gossypium hirsutum introgression line containing the chromosome segment is obviously lower than that of a gossypium hirsutum receptor control variety Sumian 8. The gossypium barbadense chromosome segment and the molecular markers thereof are applied to the verticillium wilt resistant molecular breeding of cotton, the verticillium wilt resistance of the cotton can be greatly improved, and the breeding efficiency of the cotton is improved.

The invention relates to fungal disease resistance, in particular to resistance to blackleg disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans. Provided are Brassica plants and seeds comprising a fragment of chromosome 8 of a wild B. rapa accession in their genome, wherein this fragment comprises a blackleg resistance locus. Further provided are molecular markers linked to the blackleg resistance locus and methods of using the markers. Brassica plants and seeds with stacked blackleg resistance loci are also provided.

The invention relates to a method for separating two tightly linked rice sterile genes, belonging to the field of rice molecular genetics. The method comprises the following steps of: hybridizing a chromosome segment replacement line AIS34 serving as a female parent and Asominori serving as a male parent, from the F1 generation, hybridizing by selecting semisterile plants to obtain a BC1F1 group, performing continuous backcross by selecting the semisterile plants through marker-assisted selection with combination of phenotype identification in the backcross group, performing backcross till the BC4F1 generation, and then performing selfing to obtain a separated group, and respectively positioning a pollen sterile gene and a spikelet sterile gene which are tightly linked with each other. The result shows that through the adoption of the method, the pollen sterile gene is finely positioned in a 33kb area, and meanwhile, an oogamete sterile gene which is tightly linked is finely positioned in a 90kb area.

The present invention provides an improved and simplified plant chromosome fluorescence in-situ hybridization method, wherein the method does not include a long-time dewatering process of a specimen slide before hybridization and multiple rinsing processes of the specimen slide after hybridization, such that the method is the technology for carrying out rapid in-situ hybridization on the intranuclear chromosome in a biological cell sample. The method mainly comprises: 1) carrying out variable temperature germination, 8-hydroxy quinoline pretreatment, and fixation of the strong cell division tissue in the plant root tip meristem region with a Carnoy fixation liquid to obtain a metakinesis phase specimen with characteristics of clear image and good chromosome dispersion; 2) after mixing fluorescent probes having different labels, carrying out one time denaturation, and carrying out low temperature storage so as to achieve long term repeated use; 3) carrying out denaturation on the sample slide with a NaOH alcohol solution; and 4) during a hybridization reaction process, simplifying the multi-step dewatering, rinsing and other operation steps so as to substantially simplify the whole complex hybridization process. According to the present invention, the method is particularly suitable for the rapid large-scale detection and analysis of the exogenous chromosomes fragment and the chromosome fragment in the plant distant hybridization and close hybridization species, and the morphology and structure authenticity of the specimen chromosome is well maintained.

The invention discloses development and application of a tenfold elytrigia elongata blue-grained character special molecular marker and a fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. A specificity locusamplified fragment sequencing technique is utilized for sequencing common wheat, blue-grained wheat (blue 58) and elytrigia elongata; an elytrigia elongata 4Ag chromosome specific DNA sequence is obtained through sequence data comparative analysis; on the basis of the elytrigia elongate 4Ag chromosome specific DNA sequence, the elytrigia elongate 4Ag chromosome-derived blue-grained character special molecular marker and the special fluorescence probe are developed. The molecular marker and the probe provided by the invention can be used for identifying a blue-grained phenotype during a processof transferring a chromosome segment to the wheat from elytrigia elongata, so that not only a foundation is laid for positioning and cloning a blue aleurone gene, but also a basis is provided for marker-assisted selection of a blue-grained character.

The invention discloses a method for increasing the disease-resistant breeding efficiency of hybrid rice, and belongs to the field of disease-resistant breeding of the hybrid rice. The method comprises the following steps: creating germplasm containing a bacterial blight resistance gene and rice blast resistance gene chromosome segment or a salt resistance gene and rice blast resistance gene chromosome segment by utilizing a molecular marker-assisted selection technology, and respectively hybridizing with a three-line maintainer line, a two-line sterile line or a restoring line; screening resistant individual plants for each segregative generation in a seedling stage by utilizing bacterial blight germs until screening out a new maintainer line B-resistant plant, a two-line sterile line S-resistant plant or a new restoring line R-resistant plant which obtains genetic stability and accords with breeding purposes; matching by using a sterile line containing the bacterial blight resistance gene and rice blast resistance gene chromosome segment and a restoring line containing the salt resistance gene and rice blast resistance gene chromosome segment, thus obtaining a hybrid variety containing the bacterial blight resistance gene, the rice blast resistance gene and the salt resistance gene. The method provided by the invention is simple and quick, and the disease-resistant breeding efficiency of the hybrid rice is increased.

Disclosed are methods of making plant artificial chromosomes. In one embodiment, the method entails: (a) preparing recombinant protoplasts of a first plant species containing an exogenous nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) of interest; (b) producing chromosome fragments of chromosomes contained in the recombinant protoplasts; (c) fusing the recombinant protoplasts of (b) with protoplasts of a second plant species to produce fused protoplasts, wherein the first and second plant species may be the same or different; and (d) identifying fused protoplasts of (c) or cells derived from the fused protoplasts of (c) that contain chromosome fragments that exhibit normal plant chromosomal properties. The chromosome fragments may be moved from one plant species to another. Whole plants, plant cell cultures and intermediates of same are also provided.

The invention belongs to the field of crop genetic breeding, in particular 36 Lophopyrum elongatum genome-specific molecular markers. The 36 genome-specific molecular markers are obtained by the following steps: according to a nucleotide sequence of 18srRNA gene disclosed by National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), designing primers in the sequence between two RsaI loci, removing homologous sequences between two genome DNA by using a suppression subtractive hybridization technology, enriching differential sequences, obtaining Lophopyrum elongatum specific DNA segments, sequencing the DNA segments, and redesigning primers according to sequences without homology with wheat. The markers can be used for identifying translocation lines in the process of transferring chromosome segments from Lophopyrum elongatum to wheat, can be used for linkage analysis of scab-resistant gene, and can serve as specific molecular markers for identifying chromatin of the Lophopyrum elongatum to be applied to scab-resistant and stress-resistant breeding of wheat.

The invention discloses a drought-resistant related SSR sequence derived from abnormal cotton and application thereof. The invention provides application of a specific DNA fragment or related biomaterials thereof in cultivation of drought-resistant cotton varieties or strains or improvement of the drought resistance of cotton. The specific DNA fragment is a fragment located on chromosome 5 of abnormal cotton and at least containing a sequence from an SSR molecular marker JAAS6365 (SEQ ID No. 1) to an SSR molecular marker JAAS5604 (SEQ ID No. 2). The related biomaterials are a vector, an expression cassette, recombinant bacteria or transgenic cell line containing the specific DNA fragment. The chromosome fragment provided by the invention has important application value in drought-resistantcotton breeding, and at the same time the SSR molecular marker developed by the invention provides a molecular basis for cultivation of drought-resistant cotton varieties that can be applied to production.

The invention relates to the field of molecular biology, in particular to specific molecular markers for detection of Aegilops comosa 2M, 3M, 6M and 7M chromosomes in wheat, and the specific molecular markers are DNA base sequences respectively shown as SEQ ID No.1 and -18 in the sequence table. A to-be-detected chromosome sample and a specific molecular marker composition are put into a kit to conduct amplification. The specific molecular markers and the kit can be used for detection or assisted detection of the existence of Aegilops comosa 2M, 3M, 6M and 7M chromosomes in wheat. The invention provides an effective detection means for screening and identification of wheat-Aegilops comosa distant hybridization new germplasms involving Aegilops comosa 2M, 3M, 6M and 7M chromosomes, provides a detection method for transfer of excellent genes on Aegilops comosa 2M, 3M, 6M and 7M chromosomes to wheat by means of chromosome segments, and has positive industrialization value.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly identifying an thinopyrum intermedium 4St chromosome, and relates to the technical field of plant molecular genetic breeding. The method comprises the following steps: plant genome DNA is extracted, and PCR amplification is carried out; and if any target fragment is obtained through amplification, an thinopyrum intermedium 4St chromosome gene exists. The molecular marker disclosed by the invention can be used for rapidly detecting the 4St chromosome or the 4St chromosome segment in chromosome engineering lines (chromosome addition lines, substitution lines, translocation lines and double diploids) of the thinopyrum intermedium in the distant hybridization process of the wheat and the thinopyrum intermedium. The method has important value for theoretical research and practical application of wheat genetic breeding.