The present invention provides an artificial contamination deposition characteristic test system, which comprises a wind source power segment, a test segment and a wind channel diffusion dust removing segment, wherein the wind source power segment, the test segment and the wind channel diffusion dust removing segment are sequentially communicated, the wind source power segment is provided for providing nature wind for the test segment, the test segment is provided for simulating a contamination deposition condition of insulators of a power grid, the wind channel diffusion dust removing segment is provided for collecting dust and providing a wind channel outlet, and the wind source power segment is provided with a base for supporting the test system. According to the present invention, the fan, the dust sprinkling device, the insulator and the like are arranged inside the test system, such that artificial simulation comprising nature contamination deposition on the insulator under typical environments such as wind, rain, fog and the like and under different contamination degrees can be performed in the laboratory, characteristics of time saving, labor saving, safety, reliability and wide research range are provided compared with the traditional nature contamination deposition characteristic research method adopting line sampling, and research results provide important significances for operation maintenance and design type selection of the transmission line insulator.