Patents
Literature
Hiro is an intelligent assistant for R&D personnel, combined with Patent DNA, to facilitate innovative research.
Hiro

47results about How to "Troubleshoot recovery issues" patented technology

Method, device and system for restoring data

The invention discloses a method, a device and a system for restoring data. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring all user operation requests, and storing the user operation requests into a restoring log in the form of operation logs; extracting reading operation records in the restoring log and analyzing the reading operation records so as to obtain operation sentences for updating a target disaster tolerant node database; receiving and combining the operation sentences belonging to the same work, gathering by a unit of the work, acquiring submittable work packets and transmitting the submittable work packets; and receiving the work packets sequentially and loading the work packets to the target disaster tolerant node database so as to restore the data. By the method, the problems that the consistency and the completeness of data recovery among disaster tolerant nodes of a heterogeneous database are poor are solved, the burdening on the network due to log transmission is relieved, and ineffective inquiring operation is avoided; therefore, the work packet loading efficiency is higher, and the data restoring speed of the target disaster tolerant node database is increased.
Owner:NAT UNIV OF DEFENSE TECH

Distributed parallel processing database system and a data processing method thereof

ActiveCN109656911AGuaranteed automatic recoverySolve the problem of low storage capacityDatabase distribution/replicationEnergy efficient computingData operationsTheoretical computer science
The invention discloses a distributed parallel processing database system and a data processing method thereof. Reliable data support is provided for data recovery by formulating a data fragment distribution rule, a redundant backup rule and a redo log mechanism. And according to the data operation type, log recovery or inter-node consistency recovery is redone to perform data automatic recovery.Distributed deployment is supported, automatic data recovery is achieved, and a stable storage computing service is provided.
Owner:CHINA REALTIME DATABASE +2

Floating ecological bank protecting method and medium carrier

The present invention relates to floating ecological bank protecting method and medium carrier, and belongs to the field of environment protecting technology. The method includes producing floating medium carrier unit, planting on the medium carrier unit, assembling the medium carrier unit to the protected slope, hanging the uppermost medium carrier unit to the slope and other steps. The floating ecological bank protecting medium carrier is medium carrier unit including floating body and netted box, and inside the netted box, there water retaining material and plant growth medium material form porous structure for communicating with the lower part. The present invention solves the difficult problem of ecologically repairing slope simply and smartly, and can ensure the normal growth of the vegetation in the slope in different water levels to purify water and beautify.
Owner:HOHAI UNIV

Virtual network function reliability deployment method based on backup revenue and remapping

The invention discloses a virtual network function reliability deployment method based on backup revenue and remapping. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, introducing a dual-sharing backup mechanism, wherein the reliability of the service function chain is effectively improved, meanwhile, resource occupation of backup is reduced as much as possible, the resource utilization rate ofthe system is improved; and then providing a reasonable and efficient virtual network function remapping method for the virtual network function which is not subjected to reliability backup in the service function chain. The method provided by the invention is used for solving the problem that the reliability of the service function chain is reduced due to the fact that the virtual network function in the service function chain is subjected to backup recovery after a fault occurs and the reliability of the virtual network function is changed after remapping for the first time.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM

Intensity relevant diffraction imaging device and image recovery method thereof

InactiveCN101021621ASolve problemsSolve the problem that it is difficult to obtain a coherent light sourceMaterial analysis by optical meansOptical elementsBeam splitterRestoration method
The invention relates to a strength related diffraction imaging device and the image recovery method thereof, mainly comprising: obtaining object Fourier transform strength information and iterative algorithm of recovering the object transmittance function according to the strength information. And the imaging device comprises a thermal light source, a beam splitter is arranged in the advancing direction of the beam emitted by the thermal light source, in the direction of transmitted beam of the beam splitter are a to-be-detected object and an object light path plane detector, in the direction of reflected beam of the beam splitter is a reference light path, a reference light path plane detector is arranged in the light path, the output ends of the two plane detectors are simultaneously connected with a computer executing data collection and processing, the thermal light source and the two plane detectors are simultaneously triggered and controlled synchronously by a synchronous signal generator. And the invention can implement diffraction imaging of incoherent sources, and can obtain the Fourier transform strength information of the object transmittance function in the Fraunhofer diffraction region on condition of no lens and recovers the amplitude and phase of the object.
Owner:SHANGHAI INST OF OPTICS & FINE MECHANICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

Method and apparatus for recovering I2C bus locked by slave device

The present invention relates to a resume device and a resume method when the I2C bus is locked by slave I2C components. The resume method when the I2C bus is locked by the I2C slave components is that using main I2C components to control the work power source of all the slave I2C components, when the main I2C components detects that the bus is locked, then the main I2C components cut off the work power source of the slave I2C components, and resume the power supply after a set time, and then the slave I2C components resume the initial state. The resume device includes main I2C components, slave I2C components and system power source, and a power source switch is also added, one end of the power source connects with the system power source, and the other end of the power source connects with the slave I2C components power sources which are connected together, and the main I2C components control the on-off of the poser source switch. With the participation of the main CPU, the resume problem of the bus after the slave I2C components lock the bus is solved, and the stability and the reliability of the system are improved.
Owner:ZTE CORP

Flight recovery method considering passenger willingness

The invention discloses a flight recovery method considering passenger willingness. Flight operation of an airline company is narrated in a flight loop mode. A genetic algorithm is used for solving. An algorithm flow is optimized through a specific coding mode, and the processing steps and the data structure of the algorithm are optimized, so that the solution always runs in the feasible region inthe solving process, the punishment problem which is difficult to process in the algorithm corresponding to the traditional technical scheme and the search direction range selection problem of the solution are reduced, the efficiency of the algorithm is improved, and a flight recovery scheme which is excellent enough can be obtained more quickly. And meanwhile, in the flight recovery process, thebenefits of airlines and passengers are fully considered, so that the satisfaction ratio of the passengers to the recovery scheme is greatly improved, and the competitiveness of the airlines is enhanced.
Owner:HARBIN ENG UNIV

Private key processing method based on SM2 algorithm, terminal and key center

The invention relates to the technical field of information security, discloses a private key processing method based on an SM2 algorithm, a terminal and a key center, and solves the security protection problem of a private key in an open environment in the prior art. The method is applied to a key center, and comprises the following steps: receiving a key application message of a client, the keyapplication message comprising a key identifier and a first private key factor of the client; obtaining a private key corresponding to the key identifier according to a key generation rule; obtaininga second private key factor according to a private key corresponding to the key identifier and the first private key factor; and sending the second private key factor to a server, so that the server encrypts and stores the second private key factor. The embodiment of the invention is suitable for the decentralized storage and use process of the private key in the open environment.
Owner:JIN SHANG BO CHUANG BEIJING SCI & TECH CO LTD

Link switching method and device thereof

The invention discloses a link switching method and a device thereof, which is applied to an MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching) L2VPN system including a UPE (User-facing Provider Edge) and an NPE (Network Provider Edge). The method comprises the following steps: the NPE detects the connectivity of master and slave U-PWs (Pseudo Wires) and the connectivity of an N-PW; when the NPE detects U-PW faults, an MAC (Media Access Control) address clear command is sent through the N-PW in the VSI (Visual Switch Instance) of the U-PWs, so that the NPE which receives the MAC address clear command clears the corresponding MAC address in the VSI and associated with the N-PW which transmits the MAC address clear command; when the NPE detects N-PW faults, a flow rerouting command is sent through the U-PWs in the VSI of the N-PW, so that the UPE which receives the flow rerouting command carries out U-PW switch. By using the invention, the convergence speed of the UPE of the MPLS L2VPN can be accelerated.
Owner:NEW H3C TECH CO LTD

Simulation method for object detection of pulse system radar in microwave anechoic chamber

ActiveCN106908771ASolve occlusionPrecise control of alternate working timeRadio wave reradiation/reflectionProblem of timeTime-sharing
The invention discloses a simulation method for object detection of pulse system radar in a microwave anechoic chamber. The method comprises the following steps: in a first step, an intermittent transmitting and receiving mode is used for obtaining object echo signals; in a second step, the object echo is recovered; in a third step, pulse compression is performed and object information is obtained; in a fourth step, information reconstruction is achieved via energy compensation of the object echo. The beneficial effects of the simulation method disclosed in the invention are that firstly, a received and transmitted signal coupling problem of a radar transmitting and receiving time-sharing mode in the microwave anechoic chamber and a problem of blocking of received and transmitted signals in a simultaneous transmitting and receiving mode can be solved; secondly, problem of time domain wave shape recovery of the object echo is solved; thirdly, object information can be obtained accurately; fourthly accurate object echo energy compensation and information reconstruction results can be achieved.
Owner:NAT UNIV OF DEFENSE TECH

Power bogie adopting traditional wheel sets for 100% low-floor light rail vehicle

A power bogie adopting traditional wheel sets for a 100% low-floor light rail vehicle comprises a framework device, wheel set assemblies, first-series springs, second-series springs, second-series vertical oscillating dampers, second-series transverse oscillating dampers, second-series transverse buffers, single traction rods, side rolling preventing torsion rods, a flexible suspension longitudinal driving device, a hydraulic brake unit and a magnetic rail brake and is characterized in that the wheel set assemblies adopt wheel shaft type structures, journal boxes are built in, the wheels are elastic wheels in a diameter Phi of 500-580mm, and two sets of side rolling preventing torsion rods are mounted on the outer side of a cross beam. According to the bogie, the wheel set assemblies adopt the wheel shaft type structures, the journal boxes are built in, and the wheels are the elastic wheels in the diameter of 500-580mm, so that the restoring problem of wheel sets during linear running and the guide problem of the wheels during curvy running are solved; the two sets of side rolling preventing torsion rods are mounted on the outer side of the cross beam, and the side rolling preventing performance of the vehicle is improved. The 100% low-floor requirement of the vehicle body is successfully realized by the bogie, and meanwhile, the structure of the bogie is simplified. All the parts are mature products, and the modular design of the bogie is facilitated.
Owner:CRRC CHANGCHUN RAILWAY VEHICLES CO LTD

Soft switch full-bridge phase-shift circuit with clamping circuit and its clamping method

The redundant energy stored on resonant inductance is transferred to clamping winding through electromagnetic induction to avoid strong oscillation by the resonant inductance and parasitic parameter, and the energy releasing loop is formed by the clamping winding and a bridge arm on the full-bridge convertor to release said redundant energy after the reverse recovery period is finished. It ensures that the clamping diode can be worked in soft-switch state for raising the reliability of the circuit.
Owner:EMERSON NETWORK POWER CO LTD

Method for realizing multi management server support based on SNMP protocol in CPE telemanagement

The invention relates to a method of achieving multi-management server supporting basing on SNMP protocol in CPE l remoter management, when DSLAM receives CPE management information from CPE-MM, DSLAM generates a new unique request ID to display the initial request ID and records the new generated request ID and the UDP source port of the managing information, the IP source address and the mapping relation of the initial request ID, then the DSLAM sends the SNMP data package to the corresponding CPE; when the DSLAM receives the responding information of the CPE, the DSLAM checks the initial request ID by the request ID of the information and sends the captured UDP / IP information to the CPE-MM; the DSLAM studies, updates and holds the relative dynamic re-direction information label.
Owner:ALCATEL LUCENT SHANGHAI BELL CO LTD

Method for loading data in browser and browser

The invention provides a method for loading data in a browser and the browser. The method comprises the following steps of detecting the loading of a new tab of a current browser; transmitting a data request message comprising a login ID (identifier) of a current browser user to a server of the browser; receiving at least one browser collected data item corresponding to the login ID of the user from the server of the browser, wherein each browser collected data item is web page related data collected when the user logs in another browser with the login ID; loading and displaying the at least one received browser collected data item in the new tab of the current browser. According to the method for loading data in the browser, the user can recover a page of a previous browser without repeating the operation of query, clicking and the like in the current browser, so that time is greatly saved, the operation efficiency of the user is improved, and user experiences are improved.
Owner:BEIJING QIHOO TECH CO LTD

Protection method of multi-stage optical distribution passive optical network (PON) and multi-stage optical distribution PON

The invention discloses a protection method of a multi-stage optical distribution PON. The multi-stage optical distribution PON comprises an optical line terminal, a multi-stage optical distribution network and an optical network unit which are connected in sequence. Spare components are installed on at least one component of the multi-stage optical distribution PON by using a 1+1 model. When the at least one component breaks down, business is switched to the spare components to be transmitted. The invention further discloses a multi-stage optical distribution PON using the protection method of the multi-stage optical distribution PON. According to the protection method of the multi-stage optical distribution PON and the multi-stage optical distribution PON, recovery problem of components in the multi-stage optical distribution PON after invalidation is solved effectively, and the system reliability is improved.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM

Method of recovering broken route

The invention discloses a method of recovering a broken route. The implementation process of the method is as follows: based on a network constituted by a source routing node, a destination routing node, and a number of intermediate routing nodes, when next routing node in an information transmission link is broken, an appropriate node is chosen from the intermediate routing nodes as a backup node to take the place of the previous broken node, and thus, the disconnected routing node is replaced by a new routing node. Compared with the prior art, the method of recovering a broken route has the advantages that a traditional backup routing mechanism is modified to a backup node mechanism, providing better flexibility and successfully solving the broken route recovery problem. Moreover, compared with maintenance of the backup routing mechanism, the method is simpler and better in practicality.
Owner:GUANGDONG INSPUR BIG DATA RES CO LTD

Muscle separation device for endoscopic thyroid surgery

This invention discloses a muscle segregator for scope thyroid operation, which is made by binding handle, swivel, fixed rod, movable rod and oscillating rod. The fixed rod is cylindrical-style and the handle is fixed connected with its trail, and the movable rod thrill through the fixed rod and is limited to move at radial the longitudinal direction of the fixed rod; the head end of the oscillating rod is a blunt point, and the trail end of the oscillating rod hinges with the head end of the fixed rod; the head end of the movable rod mobile links with the oscillating rod, and there is screw thread on the trail end of the movable rod; the swivel is in the front of the handle, and its female thread is matched with the screw thread on the trail end of the movable rod. In scope operation, this muscle segregator can unfold thyroid by poking sub-hyoid muscle instead of cutting off it. It solves the problem of unclear operation field and slow resume after operation because of bleeding and damage.
Owner:JINAN UNIVERSITY

Coal mine tunnel inspection robot system integrating monocular vision and IMU and navigation method

The invention discloses a coal mine tunnel inspection robot system integrating monocular vision and IMU and a navigation method, and belongs to the technical field of machine vision and robot navigation. The system comprises a monocular camera, an inspection robot, an airborne inertial measurement unit, an airborne processor and an illuminating lamp, the inspection robot carrier is used for carrying equipment such as the airborne processor and the illuminating lamp to form a hardware part of the navigation system; the monocular camera is used for shooting a high-definition picture of an underground coal mine roadway to form a data acquisition part of the system; the airborne inertial measurement unit is fused with the monocular camera, and scale information is obtained after alignment; andthe illuminating lamp is used for illuminating the interior of a roadway, so that the monocular camera imaging quality is improved; and the airborne processor is used for image processing, yaw anglecalculation of the inspection robot and robot attitude calculation. The coal mine tunnel inspection robot system integrating monocular vision and IMU and the navigation method have the advantages thata navigation scheme integrating vision and inertial sensors is adopted, higher precision is achieved, the structural characteristics of narrow and long spaces such as roadways are combined, and the real-time performance of the inspection robot can be met through intersecting line detection.
Owner:CHINA COAL RES INST

Image rain removal method and system, terminal and storage medium

The invention provides an image rain removal method and system. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an image rain removal model based on a recursive residual cavity space pyramid pool network; constructing a training sample set; training the image rain removal model by adopting the training sample set to obtain a rain-free image generation model; and inputting the rain graphs of different sizes into the rain-free image generation model to obtain corresponding rain-removed images. Meanwhile, the invention provides a corresponding terminal and a storage medium. According to the invention, based on the recursive residual cavity space pyramid pool network, the problem of image restoration in rainy days is effectively solved; by extracting and fusing multi-scale information in a rain map, the quality of a recovered rain-free image is higher, and a long-short-term memory network module is introduced to enhance the dependency between stages; a mixed loss function is introduced, so that the details of the recovered image are finer, and the edge is clearer; the structural similarity and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the rain-removed reconstructed image can be effectively improved, and a better effect is obtained subjectively.
Owner:SHANGHAI UNIV

Low sampling rate signal recovery method of weight fraction Fourier transformation field

The invention discloses a method for recovering a signal with low sampling rate in a weighted score fourier transformation domain and relates to the field of communication signal acquisition. The method solves the problems of data acquisition and recovery of the signal which does not meet the condition of a Shannon sampling theorem. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, an analog signal of an input signal is subjected to time domain sampling through an A / D convertor; a sampling sequence is sent to a digital signal processor DSP; the digital signal processor DSP is combined with a weighting coefficient of a given weighted score fourier transformation order and the time domain sampling sequence to calculate a reconstructing sequence of the weighted score fourier transformation domain; secondly, according to a reconstructing formula of the weighted score fourier transformation domain, a signal value of any reconstructing point is calculated; and finally, the reconstructed signal value can be recovered to an original analog signal waveform through the A / D convertor. Under the condition of without increasing the realization complexity, the method solves the problem of recovering a class of signals which do not meet the condition of the prior Shannon sampling theorem, is favorable for reducing the data size processed by an information source and improves the utilization rate of a signal channel.
Owner:HARBIN INST OF TECH

Radio frequency implementation device for super high-speed modem

ActiveCN107920177ATroubleshoot recovery issuesMake up for the defect that the single carrier transmission symbol rate cannot be too highTelephonic communicationModem deviceLow speed
The invention discloses a radio frequency implementation device for a super high-speed modem, and relates to the radio frequency implementation technology of the super high-speed modem in the field ofsatellite communication. The radio frequency implementation device consists of 3 modulation baseband cards, 3 modulation board boards, a modulation clock, a reference crystal oscillator, a combiningamplifier, a shunting amplifier, a 3 demodulation board cards, a demodulation clock, a reference crystal oscillator and 3 demodulation baseband boards. The radio frequency implementation device uses amulticarrier scheme, the throughput of each path of carriers is 5Gbps, the two paths of carriers can satisfy 10Gbps, and a path of low speed signals is added to restore the clock. The radio frequencyimplementation device disclosed by the invention adopts a modular design, is simple in structure, stable and reliable in performance, can work normally in a bad environment, and is especially suitable for the radio frequency realization of 10Gbps ultra high-speed modems in the satellite communication systems of Q band, V band, W band and terahertz band.
Owner:NO 54 INST OF CHINA ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH GRP

Cloud storage method and system thereof

The invention provides a cloud storage method and a system thereof. The method comprises the steps of transmitting a secret key application by an encrypting storage terminal to a secret key managementcenter; verifying the encrypting storage terminal by the secret key management center according to the secret key application, when verification is passed, writing a main encryption key into the encrypting storage terminal; setting a cloud storage encryption area by the encrypting storage terminal, and dividing the cloud storage encryption area into at least two encryption sub-areas; generating acorresponding derived secret key for each encryption sub-area by the encrypting storage terminal according to a main encrypting secret key; when a fact that a target file is added into the target encryption sub-areas in at least two encryption sub-areas, performing encryption on the target file by the encryption storage terminal by means of the derived secret key which corresponds with the targetencryption sub-area; and synchronizing the encrypted target file to a cloud data center by the encryption storage terminal according to a preset parameter of the cloud data center. The cloud storagemethod and the system thereof can improve safety of data which are stored in the cloud data center.
Owner:山东浪潮创新创业科技有限公司

Method for recovering vanadium redox battery capacity

The invention relates to a method for recovering a vanadium redox battery capacity. One or more of an organic oxidizing agent and an inorganic oxidizing agent are added into a vanadium redox battery negative electrode electrolyte as a raw material and divalent vanadium ions in the oxidizing agents and the negative electrode electrolyte undergo an oxidation reaction so that divalent vanadium ions are oxidized to form trivalent vanadium ions and a battery capacity is recovered. Through use of an appropriate oxidizing agent in the negative electrode electrolyte, divalent vanadium accumulation in battery operation is avoided, capacity attenuation is finally avoided and long-term operation of the battery and high efficiency utilization of the electrolyte are realized. The method has simple processes, can be operated simply, utilizes easily available raw materials and has a low cost and substantial effects.
Owner:DALIAN INST OF CHEM PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

Low-rank redetection context long-time tracking method and system based on residual compensation

The invention discloses a low-rank redetection context long-time tracking method and system based on residual compensation. The method is used for tracking a target object appearing in a video, and comprises the following steps: according to the position of the target object in each frame of image in the video, determining a target region to which the target object belongs, extracting at least twoimage features in the target region, and constructing a context feature set; associating the contextual feature set with a corresponding position relation of features in the feature set by a likelihood distribution function to obtain a target object tracking model; and in the process of tracking the target object, using the first frame of image where the target object is as a reference image, calculating tracking residual errors of subsequent frames of images and the reference image one by one, and then compensating to the target object tracking model to predict the position of the target object and store the position. The method improves the accuracy and stability of tracking.
Owner:SHANDONG INST OF BUSINESS & TECH

Optical transmission network protection method

The invention relates to a method for protecting the optical transmission network, which is characterized in following steps: a, initializing the network unit protection group; b, judging if it is the initialization of normal recovery of network unit protection group, if it is, turning to the step c, or else, turning to the step d; c, entering into the normal state of network protection group state machine; d, according to the request information of opposite to the network unit protection group, entering relative state of state machine. The invention via extending the protection reverse protocol state machine, can effectively avoid the service interruption caused by the asynchronous protocol state machines at the two ends of protection field caused by the recovery or single plate reverse of network software and hardware at one end or two ends of protection field which is in reverse state.
Owner:HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

Cross-country portable exploration drilling machine convenient to carry

InactiveCN108915679ACut down trees and build roadsSolve the forest land approvalConstructionsDerricks/mastsEcological environmentGear wheel
The invention discloses a cross-country portable exploration drilling machine convenient to carry. The cross-country portable exploration drilling machine comprises a box. A power source is arranged on the outer side of the box, and an output shaft of the power source rotatably penetrates through the box and extends into the box to be connected with a gear disc. A third gear is arranged on a second rotating shaft in a sleeving mode and engaged with a second gear arranged on a first rotating shaft in a sleeving mode. A connecting rod is arranged at the rear end of the second rotating shaft, andthe rear end of the connecting rod is connected with the front end of a drill rod. The rear end of the drill rod is connected with a drill bit. According to the cross-country portable exploration drilling machine, on the one hand, the structure is simple, parts and the weight of the cross-country portable exploration drilling machine are reduced, the cross-country portable exploration drilling machine can be transported to the to-be-designated place only by being carried by one person, the problems that large equipment needs to cut trees down to repair roads and make forest land approval andrestoration are effectively solved, and damage to the ecological environment is avoided; and on the other hand, the engineering auxiliary time is lowered, the exploration period is shortened, and thecross-country portable exploration drilling machine has the beneficial effects of being simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, easy and convenient to operate, not prone to being damaged and the like.
Owner:倬方钻探工程集团有限责任公司

An Angle Estimation Method for Mimo Radar with Array Element Fault Based on Block Hankel Matrix Filling

The invention discloses a method for estimating the angle of array element fault MIMO radar based on block Hankel matrix filling. This method first uses the column vectors of the virtual array covariance matrix to construct a matrix with a double Hankel structure, and uses the matrix formed by each column vector as a sub-matrix to form a block Hankel matrix with a quadruple Hankel structure, so that the constructed block Each row and column of the Hankel matrix has sampling elements, and satisfies the low-rank property, and the missing data in the block Hankel matrix is ​​filled by matrix filling; then, the corresponding redundant elements in the restored block Hankel matrix are averaged; finally, the The block Hankel matrix without missing data is inversely transformed to obtain a complete virtual array covariance matrix, and an algorithm based on the array covariance matrix (such as the ESPRIT algorithm) is used to estimate the DOD and DOA of the target. The invention can effectively recover a large number of missing data in the covariance matrix of the MIMO radar virtual array in which the array element fails, and improves the angle estimation performance when the transmitting or receiving array element fails.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF INFORMATION SCI & TECH
Who we serve
  • R&D Engineer
  • R&D Manager
  • IP Professional
Why Patsnap Eureka
  • Industry Leading Data Capabilities
  • Powerful AI technology
  • Patent DNA Extraction
Social media
Patsnap Eureka Blog
Learn More
PatSnap group products