A cabin door opening and closing hydraulic control system of an underwater vehicle mainly comprises an oil tank, a thermometer, a liquid level meter, a heater, an air filter, a hydraulic pump, a coupler, a motor, a one-way valve, overflow valves, two-position and two-way electromagnetic reversing valves, a pressure relay, a fine filter, a pressure gauge, an energy accumulator, servo valves, a return oil filter, a cooler, pressure sensors, a three-position and four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, hydraulic one-way valves, non-symmetric hydraulic cylinders, check valves, displacement sensors, a controller, servo amplifiers and the like. The cabin door opening and closing hydraulic control system is high in responding speed, and can achieve automatic operation of opening and closing a cabin door of the underwater vehicle. Reversing impact can be lowered, and system stability is improved. Displacement of piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders can be precisely controlled, and the precision of the system is improved. The demand for positioning and locking in the opening and closing process of the cabin door is met, and the safety of the system is improved.